植物比较基因组学材料.ppt

Diversity of structure at the sheath-blade boundary of leaves in the grass family All plants are polyploids Genome duplication in plants 拟南芥基因组加倍研究进展 拟南芥基因组加倍研究进展 The Fate of Duplicated Genes Loss – 80%的基因发生了丢失 Retain –20%的基因保留；60%的转录因子基因保留 Divergence The alternative fate of duplicated gene in the evolution Allopolyploidy or disomic polyploidy Combing two or more divergent genomes Wheat Cotton Canola A. suecica Tragopogon Autopolyploidy Multiplying a single genome Potato Alfalfa Watermelon Banana Sugarcane Paleopolyploidy Ancient or diploidized polyploids Arabidopsis Corn Poplar tree Rice J F Wendel 2005 AGI, 2000, Nature I II III IV V monocot At Brassica Malvaceae Wolfe 2003, Genome Research 1 5 6 2 4 8 9 7 3 10 11 12 Rice is a paleopolyploid Paterson et al (2004) PNAS 101: 9903 Yu et al (2005) PLoS Biol 3: e38 Wang et al (2005) New Phytol 165: 937 Xiong et al （2005）Plant Mol Biol 59：191-203 Family Poaceae (Gramineae) Subfamily Pooideae Ehrhartoideae Chloridoideae Panicoideae Triticum (wheat) Secale (rye) Hordeum (barley) Avena (oats) Oryza (rice) Zizania (wild rice) Eleusine (finger millet) Pennisetum (pearl millet) Setaria (foxtail millet) Zea (maize) Tripsacum Sorghum Saccharum (sugarcane) Genus Phylogenetic analysis 植物比较基因组学研究 基因组物理图谱和遗传图谱 基因组加倍 禾本科作物的人工驯化 (Domestication) Genetic Map 遗传图谱 Recombination 1 cM = 1% recombination Order of markers 3.8 SOG0510 6.2 SOG0091, SOG0175 7.7 SOG0311 10.8 SOG0087, SOG0509 14.6 SOG0483 24.6 SOG0059, SOG0060, SOG0177 30.0 SOG0417 34.6 SOG0052, SOG0505 36.9 SOG0075, AEST157 39.2 SOG0108 40.8 SOG0060 46.2 SOG0034, SOG0245 56.2 SOG0094 75.4 SOG0154, SOG0273, SOG0274, SOG0710 85.4 SOG0462 95.4 SOG0004 103.9 SOG0284 116.2 AEST31 Linkage group B (Sorghum) Centromere Telomere Telomere Short Arm Long Arm Physical Map 物理图谱 Kb Mb DNA在染色体上的排列 Physical Map / Genetic Map Physical distance/Genetic distance Kb/cM For example, in rice 1 cM = 250 kb on average Recom