需求技术变化与国际贸易(讲义)完整版介绍.ppt

Review of Chapter 2 The BASIS for trade according to previous trade theories: Review of Chapter 3 The BASIS for trade according to previous trade theories: Factors to be considered on supply side: Resource endowments Technology Factors to be considered on demand side: Tastes and preferences Income level Others: Transportation cost Season Exchange rate … … Inter-industry trade（行业间贸易） means the exchange between nations of products of different industries. Intra-industry trade（行业内贸易） defines two-way trade in a similar commodity H-O Theorem § 1 Theory of Overlapping Demand Tastes and preferences Income level Technical progress Technical innovation Theory of Overlapping Demands重叠需求理论 Theory of Overlapping Demands Hypotheses of Consumer Behavior消费者行为的假设 Hypotheses of Consumer Behavior Theory of Overlapping Demands Theory of Overlapping Demands Theory of Overlapping Demands Theory of Overlapping Demands Applicability of the Theory Inter-industry trade（行业间贸易） means the exchange between nations of products of different industries. Intra-industry trade（行业内贸易） defines two-way trade in a similar commodity § 2 Product Life Cycle Theory Initially the home country is an exporter Then it loses its competitive advantage Eventually may become an importer Dynamic comparative advantage Worlds workshop 世界工厂 In the 18th century In the late 19th Century In the 1960s In the late 1950s --- 1970s Period of rapid economic growth The heavy chemical industry In the 1970s oil crisis Electronic industry Automobile industry Precision machine Feature：light、thin、short、small 1980年，日本汽车年产量超过美国居世界第一 1983年，日本机械工业出口超过美国居世界第一 日本制造的船舶也达到世界总产量一半以上。 In the 1990s Bubble economy 泡沫经济 Industrial hollow 产业空心化 1995年，中国占全球制造业产值的比重是5％ 2007年，上升到大约14％ 日本14% 美国25% 德国7% 英国3% 2007年，有 172类产品产量居世界第一位。 世界70%的DVD和玩具 世界50%的电话和鞋 超过1/3的彩电和箱包 高技术产品出口额占国际市场的份额已近20%。 科技进步在经济增长中的贡献率 日本超过70％，中国只有39％ 研发投入（RD）占GDP的比例 日本为3.5％， 中国仅为