第篇古典理论长期中的经济国民收入讲述.ppt

Macroeconomics Yu Huixin School of Economics Management HEBUT * 1348年欧洲发生黑死病，人口在几年内减少了三分之一。人口数量的下降对劳动、资本和地租的收入有何影响？ Yersinia Pestis A ?ea Case Study: The Black Death and Factor Prices How would the Black Death affect MPL and MPK? Black Death: L falls, but K stays the same Fewer workers means that each remaining worker is more productive: MPL rises We move to the left in the two previous graphs Each machine becomes less productive: MPK falls To con?rm this intuition with math, we can use the MPL and MPK from the Cobb-Douglas production function. Foote (Ec 1010b) Classical Model January 27, 2013 36 / 67 Macroeconomics Yu Huixin School of Economics Management HEBUT * = (1 ? α)A K 1?α Case Study: The Black Death and Factor Prices Factor prices when F(K,L) = AK αL1?α As we have seen: dF MPL = dL = (1 ? α)AK αL?α K α = (1 ? α)A Lα K α L Similarly: dF MPK = dK = (α)AK α?1L1?α L1?α = (α)A L 1?α = (α)A K Foote (Ec 1010b) Classical Model January 27, 2013 37 / 67 Macroeconomics Yu Huixin School of Economics Management HEBUT * Case Study: The Black Death and Factor Prices Con?rming Our Intuition MPL = (1 ? α)A K L α MPK = (α)A L K 1?α L L As L falls and K stays constant, K/L rises and K falls. Remember that α is between 0 and 1, so both α and 1 ? α are positive. So, as K/L rises, then MPL rises, too. And, as K falls then MPK falls, too. However, the shares of output going to L and K stay ?xed at 1 ? α and α, respectively. Foote (Ec 1010b) Classical Model January 27, 2013 38 / 67 Macroeconomics Yu Huixin School of Economics Management HEBUT * Macroeconomics Yu Huixin School of Economics Management HEBUT * 实际上，黑死病后，实际工资大约翻了一番，地租减少50%以上。 Macroeconomics Yu Huixin School of Economics Management HEBUT * 第3章 国民收入（产出）的决定 第三节????? 什么因素决定产品与劳务需求 一、消费 二、投资 三、政府购买 Macroeconomics Yu Huixin School of Economics Management HEBUT * ? 在封闭经济中GDP的用