Chapter+5+Ecosystem+Ecology-20141119-use4摘要.ppt

How to balance nutrient input and out put in agroecosystems保持农业生态系统养分平衡的途径 (小结) (1) 种植制度中合理安排归还率较高的作物 (2) 建立合理的轮作制度，加速养分循环 (3) 农、林、牧结合，发展沼气，解决生活能源问题，促使桔秆还田 (4) 农产品就地加工，提高物质的归还率 (5)合理施肥,促进养分循环平衡 (6)充分利用非耕地进行养分的区域性富集 What we have learned in this chapter? Material cycling Water Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorous Pollution Eutrophication Heavy metal toxicity Alkaline wastesAcid rain Pesticides CFCs and the ozone layer radioactivity Questions for review What is the relation between nutrient cycling and energy transfer? Can energy be cycled? Relationship between nutrient cycling and pollution? 作业 有关农业生态系统的能流和物流的计算（2个WORD文档） * * * * * * * * * * * * * This is what we are going to explore more closely in this lecture * * * There are many different processes involved exchanges of the nutrients that are eventually used by the biotic component of our earth Discuss key elements From an ecosystem/community standpoint, we study nutrient cycling via understanding the exchange of materials and energy via food chains and food webs – e.g., the terrestrial or aquatic food webs However, there are many different factors involved in nutrient cycling outside of the community itself From an ecosystem/food web perspective, it is important to understand Where do the nutrients that ecosystems use come from What happens to the nutrients within the ecosystem itself What happens to the nutrients once they leave the ecosystem? Once nutrients are cycled through an ecosystem, how do they get back? What are the rates of exchange of nutrients between the different pools where they are found * For example, in the previous examples, the boxes represent different pools, while the arrows represent fluxes * * In terms of understanding nutrient cycles, it is useful to divide the nutrient cycles into two broad categories Gaseous cycles – those nutrients whose primary source is from the atmosphere Sedimentary cycles – Those nutrients whose primary source is from the weathering of sedimen