chapter4(酸碱催化)摘要.ppt

Catalyticchemistry Chapter 4 Homogeneous acid /base catalysis 4.1 Definition of acid/base 4.2 Bronsted acid/base catalytic reaction 4.3 Bronsted rule Chapter 4 Homogeneous acid /base catalysis 4.1 Definition of acid and base S. A. Arrhenius H+ donor is acid; OH- donor is base J. N. Bronsted Proton donor is acid; proton acceptor is base G. N. Lewis Electron pair acceptor is acid; Electron pair donor is base 4.1 Definition of acid and base R. S. Mulliken (According to the concept of charge-transfer) Electron acceptor is acid ; electron donor is base R.G. Pearson (Base on the characteristic of complex stability, the metal ions are classified three types ) Hard-acid: small ionic radius, high oxidation state, low polarizability Soft-acid: large ionic radius, low or zero oxidation state, high polarizability Borderline acid: borderline cases Hard-base: low polarizability, high electronegativity Soft-base: high polarizability, low electronegativity Borderline base: borderline cases 4.2.1 Definition of Bronsted acid/base catalytic reaction 4.2.2 Mechanism of Bronsted acid catalytic reaction 4.2.3 Mechanism of Bronsted base catalytic reaction 4.2.4 Characteristics of Bronsted acid/base catalytic reaction _ 4.2 Bronsted acid/base catalytic reaction 4.2.1 Definition of Bronsted acid/base catalytic reaction Bronsted acid catalyst: H3O+, C2H5OH2+, NH4+, and so on. Bronsted base catalyst: OH-, C2H5O-, NH2- , and so on. 4.2.2 Mechanism of Bronsted acid catalytic reaction Example: Hydrolysis of aether 4.2.3 Mechanism of Bronsted base catalytic reaction First deprotonating into protons to form negative ion middle species, and then further reacted Example: Hydrolysis of 4.2.4 Characteristics of Bronsted acid/base catalytic reaction The controlling step is the decomposition of ionic intermediate. Bronsted acid catalytic reaction Bronsted base catalytic reaction 4.3.1 Content of Bronsted rule 4.3.2 General Bronsted equation