曼昆经济学原理Chap_03总结.ppt

Interdependence and the Gains from Trade相互依存与贸易的好处 Chapter 3 Interdependence and Trade Consider your typical day: You wake up to an alarm clock made in Korea. You pour yourself some orange juice made from oranges grown in Florida. You put on some clothes made of cotton grown in Georgia and sewn in factories in Thailand. You watch the morning news broadcast from New York on your TV made in Japan. You drive to class in a car made of parts manufactured in a half-dozen different countries. …and you haven’t been up for more than two hours yet! 相互依存与贸易 看看你的每天日常生活: 早晨被产于韩国的闹钟叫醒； 给自己倒了一杯佛罗里达产的橘子轧成的橘子汁； 穿上用佐治亚生产的棉花而在泰国缝制的衣服； 从日本产的电视上看纽约播放的新闻节目； 你开着用来自全世界十几个国家生产的部件组装的汽车去上学。 …这些事只是发生在你的不到两个小时的生活中。 Interdependence and the Gains from Trade Remember, economics is the study of how societies produce and distribute goods in an attempt to satisfy the wants and needs of its members. 相互依存与贸易的好处 记住，经济学是研究社会如何生产和分配物品，以满足所有社会成员的欲望和需要。 How do we satisfy our wants and needs in a global economy? We can be economically self-sufficient. We can specialize and trade with others, leading to economic interdependence. 在世界经济范围内，我们如何满足自己的欲望和需要？ 我们可以在经济上自给自足。 我们可以进行专业化分工，并与他人进行贸易，从而形成经济上相互依存的关系。 Interdependence and the Gains from Trade A general observation . . . Individuals and nations rely on specialized production and exchange as a way to address problems caused by scarcity. 相互依存与贸易的好处 一个一般性的观察结果 . . . 个人和国家依靠分工生产和交换来解决稀缺带来的问题。 Interdependence and the Gains from Trade相互依存与贸易的好处 But, this gives rise to two questions: 但是，这会带来两个问题: Why is interdependence the norm? 为什么相互依存是正常现象? What determines production and trade? 什么决定生产和贸易? Why is interdependence the norm?为什么相互依存是正常的? Interdependence occurs because people are better off when they specialize and trade with others. 因为人们专业化分工并与他人交易能使他们的福利变好，所以他们会形成相互依存关系。 What determines the pattern of production and trade?什么决定生产和贸易？ Patterns of production and trade are based upon differences in opportunity costs. 生产和贸易的模式决定于各自机会成