分析化学专业英语-05.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * It is a step often done by specialists when the specific measurement involves complex instrumentation. 当特定的量测包含复杂的仪器操作时，该步骤通常由专人完成。 Robotic systems are also becoming important here. 此时，自动化系统同样变得重要起来。 Chemical Measurements. These are often cheap and accurate and require no calibration. 化学量测。这些通常廉价而准确，且无需校正。 However, they are often slow, insensitive to trace amounts, and difficult to automate. 但是，它们通常（分析速度）慢，对微量浓度不敏感，而且难以自动化。 Titrations. 滴定法。 Gravimetric Analysis. 重量分析法。 Physical Measurements. These offer high sensitivity, continuous or automated operation, and speed (low cost). 物理量测。这些（方法）提供高的灵敏度，连续或自动化操作，以及速度（快）（低成本）。 However, they normally require careful calibration and offer lower precision than the chemical methods. 然而，它们通常需要仔细校正，而且精密度低于化学方法。 Spectroscopy. 光谱法 Electrochemistry. 电化学法 Biological Measurements. These can be extremely specific but are often slow and of low precision and accuracy. 生物化学量测。这些方法的特异性很高，但通常（分析速度）慢且精确度和准确度低。 Growth studies. 生长研究。 Inhibition studies. 抑制研究。 Enzymatic assays. 酶分析。 Immunoassay. 免疫分析。 7-Evaluation Of Data 数据评价 This includes not just calculating the result but, more importantly, evaluating the significance of the result. 这不仅包括计算结果，更为重要的是，还（包括）评价结果的重要性。 One must develop methods for deciding how well the experiment was done and how much confidence can be placed in the answer. 人们必须发展方法来判断实验完成得有多好，结果的可信度有多少。 Chemometrics is a growing field within Chemistry which deals with data and experimental optimization. 化学计量学是化学中的一个新兴领域，涉及数据（分析）和实验优化。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Between us. 你知，我知。 Methods Analytical methods rely on scrupulous attention to cleanliness, sample preparation, accuracy and precision. 分析方法决定于（实验对）清洁度、样品制备、准确度和精确度的要求。 ? Between us. 你知，我知。 ?Many practitioners will keep all their glassware in acid to prevent contamination, samples will be re-run many times over, and equipment will be washed in specially pure solvents. 很多分析者