城市 心理 可实现的世界 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献.docVIP

Perceptible worlds，feasible worlds Cristina Brumat City changing is not a recent subject. Since many years, critics and planners have debated about city decline, even in a sort of playback of urban history. A great many and contradictory images and anticipations have characterized the last twenty years. In the Sixties the urbanization process seemed relentless and the term megalopolis, provided by Gottman to de-fine the new urban settlements, had soon acquired an evocative meaning of a nearly pathological phenome-non: a cancer that is spreading throughout the worlds surface. Since the Seventies all the industrialized countries have witnessed the drop of the urban growth. This reversed tendency led many re-searchers to put forward the hypothesis of a crisis, the death of urban growth model. The decrease in the popu-lation growth affected basically the big cities, though this aspect was not given much thought. There was therefore talk of the so-called counter-urbanization phenome-mon which, according to Berry is a tendency that continued throughout the twentieth century. This would lead to the creation of an urban civilization without ci-ties. According to the author, this tendency is to be ascribed to an attitude of individualism, the free circula-tion of people and the fear of violence afflicting the Ame-rican cities urged people to search for safe areas. He actually maintained that expansion and urban degrada-tion are the product of an array of individual decisions in the framework of a tradition of privatism. The dangers and the evils that, in the past, had been at-tributed to a rapid urbanization process began to be ascribed to the decline of big cities, with the result that the analyses and the studies carried out by different schools gradually con-firmed the urban crisis picture. The recognition of the demographic decline affecting big cities coincided with the evolution of the productive or-ganization processes optimizing space and labour Elec-tronic technolog