功能翻译翻译目的论简介总结.ppt

1. definition What is Skopostheorie? Skopos is the Greek word for aim or purpose and was introduced into translation theory in the 1970s by Hans J. Vermeer as a technical term for the purpose of a translation and of the action of translating . Any form of transnational action including therefore translation itself, may be conceived as an action, as the name implies. Any action has an aim, a purpose.[…] The word Skopos, then, is an technical term for the aim or purpose of a translation[…] Further, an action leads to a result, a new situation or event, and possibly to a new object 翻译目的论是功能派翻译理论中最重要的理论， 由德国翻译理论家Vermeer 和Reiss 创立于20 世纪80 年代。 翻译目的论有三个基本准则：目的准则、连贯准则和忠实准则。目的准则指翻译应能在译语情境文化中， 按译语接受者期待的方式发生作用， 决定翻译过程的根本准则是整个翻译活动的目的；而“目的”一词常指译文文本所要达到的交际目的。连贯准则是指译文必须考虑接受者的背景知识和实际情况， 最大限度地做到语义连贯， 以便译文接受者能够理解其义符合译入语的表达习惯。忠实准则是指原文和译文中应该存在某种对应关系， 并不要求原文和译文在内容上一字不差。（Nord，2001：32-33）。这三条准则的关系是：忠实准则服从于连贯准则，而这二者服从于目的准则。 三、汉英翻译策略探析 根据翻译目的论准则特点， 在汉英翻译中应考虑以下因素： 一是明确汉英翻译的首要目的。它并不是给中国人自己看，而是把汉语的意义内涵用英语传递出来， 让渴望了解这类语言的外国友人能够领会，实现这一特殊的“交际目的”；二是预判由文化差异所带来的受众反应。应面向目标文化受众，考虑他们的文化背景和表达习惯，以确保实现信息传递目的；三是熟悉源语和目标语语体风格与规范。 （一）直译 （二）直译加注 参考译文：Jia Junpeng, mom wants you back home fordinner！ Jia Junpeng is a virtual character of an average boy and this catchphrase, which is originally a colloquial message of a boy’s mom taken by his playmates, can be used to greet a childhood friend who had become ‘lost’, especially in the virtual world. （三）意译 （四）改译 例：被就业 In Chinese, when an ordinarily active verb is deliberately twisted into passive form and ‘bei’, the usual equivalent to ‘be’ in English passive voice, is added before the verb, it often implies the helplessness of the person in controlling his own fate.”， 1 小草有生命，脚下请留情。 2 拜天地 3 小心碰头 4 五讲四美 参考译文 1 Keep off the grass. 2 go through the wedding ceremony 3 Mind your head. 4 “five stresses and four points of beauty” (compare with: five merits to advocate—civilized behavior, common courtesy, hygienic conditions, proper discipline and public morality; and fo