A-Level理definition.doc

Concepts 1. scalar quantity A quantity which gives its magnitude 2.vector quantity A vector quantity has magnitude and direction 3.systematic uncertainty result in all readings being either above or below the accepted value. 4. random uncertainty result in readings being scattered around the accepted value 5. accuracy the degree to which a measurement approaches the true value. 6. precision part of accuracy which is within the control of the experimenter 6.displacement the distance move in a specific direction 7.velocity the rate of change in displacement 8.acceleration the rate at which the velocity of the particle is changing. 9.Newtons first law of motion An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction if there is no resultant force act on it 10. inertia惯性 the resistance an object has to a change in its state of motion. 11. Newtons second law of motion For a body of constant mass, its acceleration is directly proportional to the net force applie to it. 12. One Newton the force which will give a mass of one kilogram an acceleration of one meter per second square in the direction of the force 13.Newton’s third Law of Motion (1)Whenever one body exerts a force on another, the second exerts an equal and opposite force on the first. (2) To every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. 14. Mass a measure of a body’s resistance to changes in motion 15. There are something different between mass and weight Mass is a scalar; a measure of a body’s resistance to changes in motion; it is constant and the property of the body. Weight is a vector; it is equal to the product of mass and gravitational acceleration; it will change with the altitude changed. 16.The linear momentum of an object the product of mass and its velocity. 17. impulse the product of the force acting on a body and the time interval over which the force acts 18. The principle of conservation of linear momentum the total m