围术期低体温的研究进展汇总.docVIP

论文题目：围手术期低体温的研究进展及护理措施 报考专业：护理学 考生姓名：邹微微 考 籍 号： 报考所在地：长沙 工作单位：深圳市松岗人民医院 邮政编码：510105 联系电话（含区号）： 手机 Email：744420199 @ 2014年 8月 30 日  目录 摘要·····································3 关键词··································3 围手术期低体温的研究进展及护理措施·····················3 一、影响低体温的因素···························3 1.1麻醉与低体温·······························4 1.2·病人自身的特点·····························4 1.3 环境温度影响·······························4 1.4输入大量的室温液体或血液·························4 1.5室温冲洗液·······························5 1.6手术因素? ································5 1.7心理因素································5 1.8·保温措施不力······························5 1.9其他···································5 二、围术期轻低体温对机体的影响························5 2.1增加心血管系统并发症···························5 2.2 降低机体免疫力······························6 2.3 对凝血功能的影响·····························6 2.4加重代谢紊乱·······························6 2.5延长术后恢复时间·····························6 2.6对病人寒战的影响·····························7 2.7其他···································7 三、围术期保温护理措施 ························7 3.1覆盖物··································7 3.2室温···································7 3.3输入加温的液体·····························7 3.4呼吸器加温································8 3.5注意预防皮温与体腔热散失·························8 3.6可控温体位垫和手术床···························8 3.7复合保温·································9 3.8术后保温·································9 四、小结··································9 五、致谢··································9 参考文献··································10 围手术期低体温的研究进展及护理措施 摘 要 围手术期低体温是外科患者常见在手术期间护理常见的问题，是一种常见的并发症。本文综述低体温发生的研究进展以及相关的护理措施。体温是重要的生命指征，正常的体温是机体各项机能得以维持的关键。人体体温调节系统通常将中心体温设定在37摄氏度。Sesser（1）将机体核心温度34℃-36℃定义为低体温，而它是麻醉以及外科围术期的常见并发症。有研究显示（2）50%-70%的手术患者出现低体温。患者常主诉术后初期的寒冷不适是住院期间最为痛苦的体验之一，有时甚至超过疼痛。低体温虽然对机体存在有利的影响，如降低机体代谢率、减少耗氧量、增加组织器官对缺血、缺氧的耐受力等。由于由于麻醉剂的影响、手术室内的环境、开放体腔、使用温度过低的消毒液和灌注液、药物等都易使患者散热增加。围手术期的低体温可导致多种并发症发生，如导致麻醉药物代谢减慢、凝血障碍、免疫功能抑制、心肌缺血、术后渗血量增多、术后切口感染和住院时间的延长等，应引起重视。面其