气吸滚筒式精密排种器的优化机械CAD图纸设计.doc

摘 要 世界各国都很重视精量播种技术，精密播种可以节约大量的种子，节省田间间苗定苗用工，增加作物产量。本文在对国内外现有的气吸滚筒式精密排种器深入研究的基础上，对原有的设计进行了改进并制造了一种新型的气吸滚筒式精密排种器。该排种器具有以下的特点:首先，对主轴结构进行了优化设计，采用了一根主轴形成两个压腔的设计方法，既保证了同轴度又减少了轴承的磨损，大大延长了轴承的使用寿命。其次，由于采用了弹簧结构，在隔气板与滚筒内壁接触转动的过程中，减少了因摩擦而导致的磨损漏气的问题。第三，对种箱进行了激振，使种子在种箱中形成“沸腾”状态，更有利于滚筒的吸种。 结合该气吸滚筒式精密排种器，本文主要开展了以下几个方面的研究工作: 1.对气吸滚筒式精密排种器的吸种及排种过程进行了理论分析，得到了吸附力、吸种高度、排种误差、碰撞角和碰撞速度等数学模型，并对影响吸排种效果的因素进行了分析。 2.运用ANSYS有限元分析软件对吸孔及正负压腔的气流场进行了建模与仿真试验，结果表明:直孔的吸种性能比锥形孔和沉孔好:孔径越大，吸种能力越强;吸孔导程对吸种性能无显著影响;滚筒壁上的吸孔靠近正负压腔气流大的地方，受到气流的影响也较大。 3.对该排种器进行了试验研究，着重对吸孔的形状、吸孔的孔径、吸孔的内外压差、种箱振动频率、吸种滚筒转速五个关键因素进行了分析。运用DPS软件对试验数据进行了处理。通过极差和方差分析，得出了影响试验因素的主次顺序及最优组合。 4.运用二次多项式回归模型，建立单粒率、空穴率与各个显著因素的关系式。以油菜种子为试验对象，经过组合选优及试验验证，当吸孔孔径为1mm，吸孔为锥形孔，吸孔压差为2kPa，振动频率为80Hz,滚筒转速为14r/min时，单粒率达到92%,空穴率为4%。 通过对气吸滚筒式精密排种器的理论分析、计算机仿真及试验研究，得到了一些规律，为其实际应用奠定了基础. 关键词:精密播种;气吸滚筒式精密排种器;有限元分析;理论分析;试验 ABSTRACT Precision seeding is attached importance to by all over the world,for it can save a lot of seeds and much time to plant them and increase the output.Basing on researching domestic and foreign air-suction cylinder precision seeder,a new type of air-suction cylinder precision seeder was designed and manufactured.There are some merits of the seeder:First,the main shaft with two cavums was optimized which reduced the abrasion and prolonged the life of the bearings.Second,the spring structure was adopted,so the gas leakage between the plastic board and the seeders wall was eliminated because of friction.Third,the seeds box was vibrated that availed picking up seeds. Basing on the air-suction cylinder precision seeder,the research was done as follows: 1. Seed pick up and seed ejection were theoretically analyzed and mathematical models of pick up force,pick up distance,release error,impact angle and impact velocity were deduced. 2. ANSYS finite element analysis software was used to develop the model and simulate the air flow distribution of the sucking holes,positive and negative cavums.The results showed that the performance of