线性规划模型的应用与灵敏度总结.doc

摘 要 线性规划是解决稀缺资源最优分配的有效方法，使付出的费用最少或获得的利益最大。它的研究对象是有一定的人力、财力、资源条件下，如何合理安排使用，效益最高；某项任务确定后，如何安排人、财、物，使之最省。它要解决的问题的目标可以用数值指标反映，对于要实现的目标有多种方案可以选择，有影响决策的若干约束条件。本文主要介绍了线性规划模型在实际生活中的应用，其中包括解线性方程组的各种方法，如图解法、单纯形法、以及对偶单纯形法等等，以及简单介绍了有关灵敏度分析的方法。由于许多问题仅仅利用线性规划的方法还不足以解决，因此用到了对偶理论，也因此引出了对偶单纯形法。对偶规划是线性规划问题从另一个角度进行研究，是线性规划理论的进一步深化，也是线性规划理论整体的一个不可分割的组成部分。灵敏度分析是对线性规划结果的再发掘，是对线性规划理论的充要应用，本文以实例验证灵敏度分析的实际应用。 关键词：线性规划；单纯形法；对偶单纯形法 ABSTRCT Linear programming is an effective method to solve the optimal allocation of scarce resources, make the cost of pay or receive at least the interests of the largest. Its object of study is the human and financial resources, resource conditions, how to reasonably arrange to use, benefit is supreme; A task is determined, how to arrange people, goods, and make it the most provinces. It to the target can be used to solve the problem of the numerical indicators, to achieve a variety of solutions to choose from, have an impact on the decision of some constraint conditions. Through the subject design, can deepen the operations research, optimization method, linear programming, nonlinear programming, to improve the integrated use of knowledge, improve the ability of using the sensitivity analysis to solve various practical problems. This article mainly introduces the application of linear programming model in real life, including the various methods of solving linear equations, as shown in figure method, simplex method and dual simplex method, etc., and simply introduces the method of sensitivity analysis. Due to many problems just by using the method of linear programming is not enough to solve, so use the duality theory, thus raises the dual simplex method. The dual programming is linear programming problem from another Angle, is the further deepening of linear programming theory, linear planning theory as a whole is also an integral part of. Sensitivity analysis is to discover, the result of the linear programming is the charge to applicat