基于单片机的超声波测距智能控制系统设计绪论.docx

摘 要 超声波是指频率在20kHz以上的声波，它属于机械波的范畴。超声波也遵循一般机械波在弹性介质中的传播规律，如在介质的分界面处发生反射和折射现象，在进入介质后被介质吸收而发生衰减等。正是因为具有这些性质，使得超声波可以用于距离的测量中。随着科技水平的不断提高，超声波测距技术被广泛应用于人们日常工作和生活之中。 系统的设计主要包括两部分，即硬件电路和软件程序。硬件电路主要包括单片机电路、发射电路、接收电路、显示电路和温度补偿电路，另外还有复位电路和通讯电路等。硬件电路以AT89S52单片机为核心，并具有低成本、微型化、带LCD液晶显示等特点。整个电路采用模块化设计，由信号发射和接收、温度测量、显示、语音播报等模块组成。发射探头的信号发射出去，单片机的计时器开始计时，然后当单片机接收回波时,计数器停止工作并得到时间。温度测量后送到单片机,通过程序对速度进行校正, 结合两者实现超声波测距的功能。软件程序主要由主程序、预置子程序、发射子程序、接收子程序、显示子程序等模块组成。它控制单片机进行数据发送与接收，在一定温度下对超声波速度的校正，实现数据显示在LCD上。 关键词：AT89S52；超声波传感器；测距仪；温度补偿；LCD Abstract Sound frequencies above 20kHz is called Ultrasound, it belongs to the scope of mechanical wave.Ultrasound can also follow the general mechanical wave propagation in an elastic medium, as in the medium occurs at the interface reflection and refraction, absorption of the medium into the medium occurred after attenuation. Ultrasound can be used for distance measurement with these properties. With the continuous improvement of technological level, ultrasonic distance measurement techniques are widely used in daily work and life. System design includes two parts, namely, hardware and software programs. Hardware circuit includes a microcontroller circuit, transmitter circuit, receiver circuit, display circuit and temperature compensation circuit, in addition to reset circuit and communication circuit. AT89S52 microcontroller is the core of hardware which is low cost,miniaturization,with LCD liquid crystal display and so on. The modular design of the livelong circuit contains the signal transmission and reception, temperature measurement, display, voice broadcast and other modules.The microcontroller timer starts time when the probe launch ultrasound, after the original ultrasound was reflected, ultrasound will be incepted by the probe,then microcontroller stop working and get time. After sending the temperaturemeasurement to the microcontroller, process of correction will revise the speed.It can achieve the function of ultrasonic ranging by