电磁场与电磁波42458174说课.pptVIP

2005-1-25 第一章 电磁场的数学物理基础 第一课 第一课 第一课 Overview 2.1 Law of Conservation of Charge Content under discussed：Charge Model、Current Model、Law of Conservation of Charge 2.2 The basic Regulation of the Static E-field in Vacuum Space 2.3 The Basic Law of Constant Magnetic Field in Vacuum 2.4 The EM Characteristics of Media 2.5 The Law of EM Induction and Displacement Current 2.5.2 Displacement Current 2.6 Maxwell Equations 2.7 Boundary Condition 例 2.5.3 海水的电导率为4S/m，相对介电常数为81，求频率为1MHz时，位移电流振幅与传导电流振幅的比值。 解：设电场随时间作正弦变化，表示为 则位移电流密度为 其振幅值为 传导电流的振幅值为 故 式中的 k 为常数。试求：位移电流密度和电场强度。 例 2.5.4 自由空间的磁场强度为 解 自由空间的传导电流密度为0，故由式 , 得 例 2.5.5 铜的电导率 、相对介电常数 。设铜中的传导电流密度为 。试证明：在无线电频率范围内，铜中的位移电流与传导电流相比是可以忽略的。 而传导电流密度的振幅值为 通常所说的无线电频率是指 f = 300MHz以下的频率范围，即使扩展到极高频段（f = 30GHz～300GHz），从上面的关系式看出比值Jdm/Jm也是很小的，故可忽略铜中的位移电流。 解：铜中存在时变电磁场时，位移电流密度为 位移电流密度的振幅值为 Maxwell Equations —— the fundamental regulation of the macro EM phenomenon and the basic equation 2.6.1 In integral form 2.6.2 in integral form 麦克斯韦第一方程，表明传导电流和变化的电场都能产生磁场 麦克斯韦第二方程，表明变化的磁场产生电场 麦克斯韦第三方程表明磁场是无源场，磁力线总是闭合曲线 麦克斯韦第四方程，表明电荷产生电场 2.6.3 Constitutive relationship of media Substituting them into equation 限定形式的麦克斯韦方程 （uniform media） For isotropic media The excitation sources for time varying E field include charge and varying M field; the source for time varying H field include conducting current and varying E field. The E field and H field in time varying EM field will never be independent; conversely, related each other, forming a whole —— EM field。 In the space far away from radiation source such as antenna, the charge density and current density are zero, E field and H field exciting each other, generating EM resonation and then propagation, that is EM wave. In source free space, It can be seen that the right wing of the two equation are different in a negative ma