电磁场与电磁波第7讲静电场中的导体介质电通密度介电常数-wb说课.ppt

* Field and Wave Electromagnetics 电磁场与电磁波 2012. 3. 9 Review 1. Fundamental Postulates of Electrostatics in Free Space Differential form Integral form Postulates of electrostatics in free space 2. Coulomb’s Law 3. Gauss’s Law and Applications Gauss’s law is particularly useful in determining the E-field of charge distributions with some symmetry conditions, such that the normal component of the electric field intensity is constant over an enclosed surface. The essence of applying Gauss’s law lies first in the recognition of symmetry conditions and second in the suitable choice of a surface over which the normal component of E resulting from a given charge distribution is a constant. Such a surface is referred to as a Gaussian surface. 4. Electric Potential Main topic 1. Conductors in Static Electric Field 2. Dielectrics in Static Electric Field 3. Electric Flux Density and Dielectric Constant 1. Conductors in Static Electric Field Conductors, semiconductors, and insulators (or dielectrics); conductivity Assume for the present that some positive (or negative) charges are introduced in the interior of a conductor. An electric field will be set up in the conductor, the field exerting a force on the charges and making them move away from one another. This movement will continue until all the charges reach the conductor surface and redistribute themselves in such a way that both the charge and the field inside vansih, then the static (equilibrium) is reached. Inside a conductor (under static conditions) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Boundary Conditions (at a Conductor/Free Space Interface) Under static conditions the E field on a conductor surface is everywhere normal to the surface. In other words, the surface of a conductor is an equipotential surface under static conditions. The normal component of the E field at a conductor/free space boundary is equal to the surface charge density on the conductor divided by the permittivity of free space. 静电感应现象 Now let us assume