电磁场与电磁波第9讲静电问题的解法-wb说课.ppt

summary * Field and Wave Electromagnetics 电磁场与电磁波 2012. 3. 20 Main topic 4. Solution of Electrostatic Problems 3. Method of Images 1. Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations 2. Uniqueness of Electrostatic Solutions 4. Boundary-Value Problems in Cartesian Coordinates The relationship between the electric potential V and the electric field intensity E is Taking the divergence operation for both sides of the above equation gives In a linear, and isotropic medium, the divergence of the electric field intensity E is 1. Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations The differential equation for the electric potential is which is called Poisson’s equation. In a no free charge (source-free) region, and the above equation becomes which is called Laplace’s equation. Poisson’s equation states that the Laplacian (the divergence of the gradient) of V equals –?/? for a simple medium, where ? is the permittivity of the medium (which is a constant) and ? is the volume charge density of free charges. Operator, ?2 , the Laplacian operator, which stands for “the divergence of the gradient of,” or “???”. Since both divergence and gradient operations involve first-order spatial derivatives. Poisson’s equation is a second-order partial differential equation that holds at every point in space where the second-order derivatives exist. Remarks In Cartesian coordinates: In spherical coordinates: In cylindrical coordinates: 边值问题 研究方法 计算法 解析法 积分变换法 分离变量法 镜像法（电轴法） 微分方程法 保角变换法 实验法 作图法 实测法 模拟法 定性 定量 数学模拟法 物理模拟法 数值法 有限差分法 有限元法 边界元法 矩量法 半解析法/半数值法 格林函数法 Example 1.一维泊松方程的解 The two metal plates having an area A and a separation d form a parallel-plate capacitor. The upper plate is held at potential of V0 , and the lower plate is grounded. Determine (a)the potential distribution (b)the electric field intensity (c)the charge distribution on each plate (d)the capacitance of the parallel-plate capacitor Solution: Choose an appropriate coordinate system for the given geometry 2. Gov