第二十四章.容量介绍.ppt

Lesson 24. Volumetric Analysis 学习词汇 常用的化学实验仪器 3. 练习全文翻译 volumetric 体积的，容量的 unknown test sample 未知试样 coincide 符合，一致 stoichiometric 化学计量的 endpoint 终点 titration 滴定 molarity 摩尔浓度 normality 当量浓度 equivalent 当量 gram molecular weight 克分子量 mole weight 分子量 mol(e)- 摩尔，分子 温度计 Normality is the number of equivalent weights of substance per liter of solution. The equivalent weight of an acid is the weight of that acid capable of furnishing 1 mole of protons (H+), and the equivalent weight of a base is the weight of base capable of receiving 1 mole of protons. The equivalent weight of H2SO4 is 98.08g/2 or 49.04 g. Therefore, a normal solution (N)of H2SO4 contains 49.04g per liter. 当量浓度是一升溶液中某物质的当量数，酸的当量指能提供1 摩尔氢离子的酸的质量，碱的当量是接受1摩尔氢离子的碱的质量。硫酸的当量为98.08 g除以2或49.04 g，因此一当量的硫酸溶液每升含有49.04 g硫酸。 The normality of an acid or base of unknown concentration may be determined by titration. The advantage of using normality rather than molarity is that equal volumes of solutions of equal normalities have identical capacities for neutralization, because they contain the same number of equivalent weights. 未知浓度的酸/碱的当量浓度可用滴定分析测定，当量浓度优于摩尔浓度在于相同体积的等当量溶液具有相同的中和能力，因为两者具有相同的当量数。 In a titration, we compare equivalent weights of acid and base. The number of equivalents of acid is equal to the product of the volume of the acid solution and its normality. The number of equivalents of base is the product of the volume of the base solution and its normality. Neutralization has taken place when the number of equivalents of acid is equal to the number of equivalents of base. 滴定时我们会比较酸与碱的当量。酸的当量数等于酸的体积乘以它的当量浓度，碱的当量数等于碱的体积乘以当量浓度。当酸与碱的当量数相等时，中和反应发生。 Care must be exercised throughout the titration procedure. The burette should be thoroughly cleaned with soap and water, rinsed with tap water, and finally, rinsed with distilled water. Just before use, the burette should be rinsed with two 5-ml portions of the solution to be used in the burette. This is done by holding the burette in a semi-horizontal position and