Writing_Science_4研讨.ppt

Writing and presenting in English Hai-Feng CHEN 10/09/2011 Writing Abstracts,Proposals, and Letters good abstracts clear proposals appropriate letters ABSTRACTS An abstract is an extract of the essence of your work. Abstracts are not summaries; they are more concise and clearer than summaries. Abstracts give what was discovered, how it was done, how it fits with other research, and what it suggests for future research. ABSTRACTS The difficulty in writing an abstract is that the abstract must be short. Most journals tell authors to send in abstracts of as few as 150 words or less. Conference abstracts sometimes require as few as 50 words. Writing a good abstract requires extreme discipline. ABSTRACTS Writing an abstract requires unusual cognitive and linguistic discipline. Excess words must be carefully eliminated. The clarity of the words will determine. If others will read your work. If readers will accurately report its information to others. ABSTRACTS Stay within or under the required number of words. Edit carefully. Have a colleague who knows your work well edit. Edit again. Check your word choices and structures against other recent abstracts in the journal to which you plan to send your paper. PROPOSALS Proposals for presenting at conferences are relatively easy to write. However writing proposals for grants is considerably more difficult. Proposals to Conferences Writing proposals for presenting at conferences is similar to writing abstracts. Brevity is important. Each conference will have its proposal requirements and deadlines posted on its website. Usually the conference prefers a oneproposal. Proposals to Conferences The proceedings are usually published so that this gives you a publication. However, give careful consideration before having your work published this way. Because a science journal will not consider publishing work that has been published elsewhere. Proposals for Grants lengthy matters requiring information about your re