ivy 英语句子成分.docVIP

Ivy Page  PAGE 9  DATE \@ M/d/yyyy 5/4/2017 两讲 第一讲 英语句子成分 定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday afternoon. ㈠主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano. 名词 She went out in a hurry. 代词 Four plus four is eight. 数词 To see is to believe. 不定式 Smoking is bad for health. 动名词 The young should respect the old. 名词化的形容词 What he has said is true. 句子 找出句中主语并说名其词性： The sun rises in the east.?????????? Twenty years is a short time in history. ?????? The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing.????? To see is to believe. ???????? He likes dancing.???? What he needs is a book. It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing The work must be done before three o’clock. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语 Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做）或动作的目标（为谁做），紧接在谓语动词后；直接宾语是谓语动作的承受者。 He gave me some books. please pass me the book. He bought his girlfriend some flowers. 温馨提示：间接宾语可以用一个由to （表示动作方向）或for （表示动作目标）引起的短语来表示。 这时，间接宾语置于直接宾语之后。 Please show me your passport. —— Please show your passport to me. 　I’ll fetch（去拿来） you a chair.—— Ill fetch a chair for you. 想一想：哪些动词后接to+间接宾语？give, lend, show, … 哪些动词后加for+间接宾语？bring, order, buy, book(预订)… （四）表语 在系动词后的部分就是表语 The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. That remains a puzzle. I don’t feel at ease. 系动词 1）状态系动词（be动词） 例如： He is a teacher. （is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。） 2）持续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand 例如： He always kept silent a