水化学专业词汇集萃.docVIP

A Absorption - The holding of a substance within a solid by cohesive or capillary forces. Accumulator - A pulsation dampener installed on the suction and/or discharge lines of pumps, generally plunger type, to minimize pressure surges and provide uniformity of flow. Accuracy - The closeness of agreement between an observed value and an accepted reference value. Where an accepted reference value is not available, a measure of the degree of conformity of a value generated by a specific procedure to the assumed or accepted true value, and includes both precision and bias. Acetylation - Substitution of an acetyl radical for an active hydrogen. Specifically, formation of cellulose acetate from cellulose. Acidity - The quantitative capacity of aqueous media to react with hydroxyl ions. Activated Carbon - Granulated or powdered activated carbon used to remove tastes, odor, chlorine, chloramines, and some organics from water. A family of carbonaceous substances manufactured by processes that develop adsorptive properties. Adsorption - The holding of a substance onto the surface of a solid by chemical surface forces, without forming new chemical bonds. Aerobic Bacteria - Bacteria that require oxygen for growth, see Bacteria, aerobes. Aggregate - Granular material such as sand, gravel, crushed stone. Air Scour - Distributing air over the entire filter area at the bottom of a filter media flowing upward to improve the effectiveness of backwashing and/or to permit the use of lower backwash water flow rate. Algae - Any of a group of chiefly aquatic mono cellular plants with chlorophyll often masked by a brown or red pigment. Alkalinity - The quantitative capacity of aqueous media to react with hydrogen ions. M alkalinity is that which will react with acid as the pH of the sample is reduced to the methyl orange endpoint about 4.5. P alkalinity is that which reacts with acid as the pH of the sample is reduced to the phenolphthalein end point of 8.3. M is the total alkalinity which