2013大学英语三级考试语法复习说课.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 59 大学英语三级考试语法复习要点 一、动词的时态和语态 1. 动词的时态 1.1一般现在时 1.1.1在下列从句中，主句如用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时 由when, until, the moment, as soon as, after, the next time和 if, unless, in case, whether, as long as, once, however，provided that, supposing 等连词引导的时间状语和条件状语从句中。 e.g. If she doesn’t tell him the truth now, he’ll simply keep on asking her until she does. He will call you up the moment he finishes the work. You won’t pass the exam unless you study harder. 在定语从句中，如，Be quick, or the train will have left by the time we get to the station 名词性的wh-, that- 从句中, 如：They will be thankful for whatever help you offer him. 让步状语从句（从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时）： e.g. Whether the weather is good or bad,… No matter whether you agree or not… However carefully you drive… 1.1.2 表示客观事实和真理的句子任何时候都用一般现在时。 e.g. In the past many people didn’t believe that the earth is round. 1.1.3 在某些常用的句中表示在一个具体的现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。 e.g. Here he comes. There goes the bell. 1.2 一般过去时 1) 当提及过去存在的人或物时，即使句中没有表明过去的时间状语，该句的谓语动词也应该用一般过去时。 e.g. Dickens was a great English writer. When did you write the story? 2) 在表示时间或条件的状语从句中代替过去将来时。 e.g. They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him. I decided to go to the library as soon as I finished what I was doing. 1.3 一般将来时：表示将来打算进行或期待发生的动作或存在的状态。表示将来的谓语结构有： shall/will do be going to do be about to do : 表示动作“正要”，“刚要”发生，不与表示将来的时间状语连用。 be to do :表示按“日程”将要发生的动作，或用来征询意见。 be doing (come, go, arrive, drive, fly, leave, start, plan ) will be doing: 常表示预计即将发生或势必发生的动作，它含有已经安排好的意思。 e.g. We must hurry. The film is about to start. George is arriving on the four o’clock train this afternoon. There is to be a test at the end of this term. Are we to go now? Don’t worry. I expect I’ll be seeing him tomorrow. Then I can tell him about it. 试比较：I will be seeing him about it tomorrow. I’ll see him about it tomorrow. (末事先安排好) 1.4 现在进行时 该时态可以同频度副词，如：always, forever, constantly连用，带有情感色彩，如赞扬或厌烦等。 e.g. He is always asking the same question. 试比较：He is always coming late. He al