翻译文献This example highlights two important issues.docVIP

大连交通大学2016届本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译  PAGE - 10 - 外文原文 To stay disconnected, the client must queue updates locally on the client and only send the batch when the user connects to the server. In the Java Smart Ticket sample application, the client allows users to pinpoint the exact seats they want to buy. When the user decides what show he or she wants to see, the client downloads the data for the show’s seating plan and displays the plan to the user. The plan indicates which seats are available and which have already been taken, as shown in Figure 3.5. This example highlights two important issues. First, when Java clients manipulate enterprise data, they need to know about the model and some or all of the business rules surrounding the data model. For example, the client must understand the concept of booked and unbooked seats, and model that concept just like the server does. For another example, the client must also prevent users from trying to select booked seats, enforcing a business rule also implemented on the server. Generally, clients manipulating enterprise data must duplicate logic on the server, because the server must enforce all business rules regardless of what it sclients do. Second, when Java clients manipulate enterprise data, applications need to implement data synchronization schemes. For example, between the time when the user downloads the seating plan and the time when the user decides what seat she or she wants to buy, another user may buy some or all of those seats. The application needs rules and mechanisms for resolving such a conflict. In this case, the server’s data trumps the client’s data because whoever buys the tickets first—and hence updates the server first—gets the tickets. The application could continue by asking the second user if he or she wants the seats that the first user did not buy. Or, it could refresh the second user’s display with an updated seating plan and have the user pick seats all over again. 3.5 Summary The J2EE platf