3园艺科学Anotomy资料.pptVIP

Horticultural Science;Contents;HOMEWORK-1st;荔枝（litchi, lychee ）;Questions;Chapter 3;Anatomy of Horticultural Crops;Complete flower ;Tap root ;Conducting tissue ;Whole plant;;Cell structure;Types of plant cells and tissues;;Primary and secondary walls contain cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, albeit in different proportions. Approximately equal amounts of pectin and hemicellulose are present in dicot primary walls whereas hemicellulose is more abundant in grasses. The secondary walls of woody tissue and grasses are composed predominantly of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. The cellulose fibrils are embedded in a network of hemicellulose and lignin. Cross-linking of this network is believed to result in the elimination of water from the wall and the formation of a hydrophobic composite that limits accessibility of hydrolytic enzymes and is a major contributor to the structural characterisitics of secondary walls. ;Functions The most important function of the parenchyma cells of roots and stem is the storage of food (e.g. starch) and water. The intercellular air spaces permit gaseous exchange. ;Functions The collenchyma serve as supporting and strengthening tissue. In collenchyma with chloroplasts, photosynthesis takes place.;Functions An important supporting tissue in plants, sclereids are responsible for the hardness of date seeds and the shell of walnut. Fibres probably play a role in the transport of water in the plant. Starch granules are stored in the young, living fibres. ;Complex tissues Epidermis: the outmost layer of the plants. Secretory tissues: tissues secreting material, either outside or inside. Conducting tissues: an elaborate system of vessels used in conducting organic and inorganic solutes from place to place in the plant. Apical meristems: areas of active growth located at the tips, where cells are dividing rapidly.;Functions The epidermal cells protect the underlying cells. The waxy cuticle prevents the loss of moisture from the leaves a