PPT Unit 1涉海英语(文科卷).ppt

;;Contents;When it comes to marine management, both public and private sector have a responsibility and interest in managing it effectively. Sustainable development is underlain by the principles of holistic planning and strategy making. It is to be achieved through cooperative rather than competitive effort. The strategy of co-management in terms of fisheries management is an alternative and example worldwide, which allows decisions to e made at “grassroots” and enable the local population to participate in the process.;1. Common property regimes;;1. Common property regimes;Back;In common property regimes, access to the resource is not free, and common-pool resources are not public goods. While there is relatively free but monitored access to the resource system for community members, there are mechanisms in place which allow the community to exclude outsiders from using its resource. Thus, in a common property regime, a common-pool resource appears as a private good to an outsider and as a common good to an insider of the community. The resource units withdrawn from the system are typically owned individually by the appropriators. A common property good is rivaled in consumption. ;Common property regimes typically function at a local level to prevent the overexploitation of a resource system from which fringe units can be extracted. There are no examples of common property regimes which solve problems of overuse on a larger scale. In some cases, government regulations combined with tradable environmental allowances (TEAs) are used successfully to prevent excessive pollution, whereas in other cases — especially in the absence of a unique government being able to set limits and monitor economic activities — excessive use or pollution continue.;;The tragedy of the commons is a dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource, eve