马克思主义与达尔文学说、现实主义.docVIP

马克思主义与达尔文学说、现实主义 马克思主义与达尔文学说、现实主义、现代主义 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2006/09/05 17:45 北京自考热线 　　第八章 1、The Manifesto of the Communist Party (共产党宣言) 马恩合作 　　2、Darwin‘s theory of evolution (进化)名词解释 　　Darwin‘s theory of evolution contains four major arguments： 　　①new species appear (新物种的发现)。 　　②those new species have evolved (进化) from older species. 　　③The evolution of species is result (导致) of natural selection. 　　④The natural selection depends on variations (变异) and the maintenance (保护) of variations in spite of (不管) the tendency (趋势) of natural selection to eliminate (消除) unfit (不适当的) variants. Natural selection名词解释 　　3、Social Darwinism名词解释 　　For the term “natural selection” Spencer substituted (替代) the survival of the fittest. (适者生存) 　　4、The term the survival of the fittest by Darwin. (错) 　　5、For the term “natural selection” Spencer substitute the “survival of the fittest” 　　6、Darwin 发现了人类社会发展的规律和资本主义的生产模式 　　论述简答一、What are the three sources (来源) of Marxism？ 　　答： 　　1、German Classical Philosophy and Marxist Philosophy： 　　Hegelian dialectics and Feuerbach‘s materialism (黑格尔辩证法和费尔巴哈唯物主义) 　　2、English Classical Political Economy and Marxist Political Economy 　　3、Utopian Socialism and Scientific Socialism (空想社会主义和科学社会主义) 　　Utopian was representative by Owen， Saint-Simon (圣西门)， and Fourier (傅立叶)。 　　二、What are the three components (成分) of Marxism？ 　　答： 　　1、Marxist Philosophy： Hobbes 　　①Marx rejected (排斥) Hegel‘s idealist (唯心) views on universe and the metaphysical (形而上学) part of Feuerbach’s philosophy. 　　②Marx put forward historical materialism. (历史唯物主义) 　　2、Marxist Political Economy： 　　Marx established the theory of surplus value (剩余价值) in “Capital”。 　　3、Scientific Socialism： 　　Marx and Engels developed utopian socialism to scientific socialism. They declared (表明) that socialism (社会主义) would be realized (实现) through class struggle， and that only the proletariat (无产阶级) was a really revolutionary cla