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8土壤酸碱性
第八章 土壤酸碱性
(Chapter 5 acidity and salinity of soil );;中国土壤酸碱性分布规律;第一节 土壤酸度 soil acidity;一.土壤酸的成因;Roles of acid input, cation exchange, and leaching in soil acidification;(二)土壤酸化的机理
1.氢离子的来源
(1)水的解离: HOH? H++OH-
土壤胶体对氢离子吸附使得水的电离平衡被破坏。
(2)碳酸解离: H2CO3 ?H++HCO3-
(3)有机酸的解离: 有机酸→ H++R-COO-
(4)酸雨:(干沉降和湿沉降—酸雨)
(5)其它无机酸 :施入土壤中生理酸性肥料产生的无机酸
2.土壤中铝的活化
当土壤胶体上交换性氢离子饱和度达到一定程度时,晶架结构解体,八面体中解体,铝离子释放出来成为活性铝,被胶体吸附称为潜性酸。;二.土壤酸度类型;二.土壤酸度类型;二.土壤酸度类型;二.土壤酸度类型;二.土壤酸度类型;三.土壤酸度的指标;三.土壤酸度的指标;extremely acid;三.土壤酸度的指标;Soil pH Determination
One method to determine soil pH is by using a pH indicator dye. This picture shows the indicator dye pH kit called Poly D. It is easy to use and gives a suitable pH value for most soils. The indicator dye is added to the soil in the spot plate until it is saturated. The solution is stirred using a small spatula. The solution will change color depending on the soil pH. The solution color is compared to a color card that has been calibrated to various pH readings. (Be sure to clean the spot plates when you are through.)
Soil pH test kits you get from a garden center for under $15 may give variable results. It is always best to compare the kits with an electronic pH meter.
The most accurate determination can be made using a pH meter and glass electrode. The electrical conductance of the solution is measured using the meter. The conductance is correlated in the machine to pH values which are read directly.
Methodology: There are three main internationally accepted methods available for measuring soil pH. All of them rely on shaking (or stirring) soil with a solution for 1-2 hours and then determining the pH of the resultant soil slurry.
1. Weigh out 5 g of soil into labelled 50 ml plastic (polypropylene) tubes 2. Add one of the following 3 solutions a)25 mL of distilled water. (This is the simplest method and normally OK for most soils. It doesnt remove H+ from the exchange sites and is not very good for soils high salt conten
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