专业英语之物理化学2013.ppt

Physical Chemistry 物 理 化 学;2. What is the first law of thermodynamics?;*;The first law of thermodynamics;The second law of thermodynamics;The third law of thermodynamics;Contents of physical chemistry;Branches and related topics;Extensive property （广度性质） volume weight heat capacity （热容） internal energy (内能) Intensive property （强度性质） temperature pressure density viscosity （粘度）;Process （过程）;Enthalpy （焓 ） H=U+pV p is the pressure of the system and V is its volume. As U, p and V are all state functions, the enthalpy is also a state function. The change of enthalpy, ΔH, between any pair of initial and final states is independent of the path between them.;Entropy （熵） Δ S=SB-SA=(Q/T)R a measure of disorder. The disorder in a system is called its entropy, S. A crystal lattice at 0 K has perfect order and therefore zero entropy. The hotter it gets, the more kinetic energy the particles in it have and the more options they have for arranging themselves. ;System （系统）;Work: work is done when an object is moved against an opposing force. Heat: when the energy of a system changes as a result of a temperature difference between it and its surroundings, we say that energy has been transferred as heat. Energy: the energy of a system is its capacity to do work.;Definition: changing the rate of reactions by adding a substance which does not get used up. Type:homogenous catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis Aautocatalysis. Homogeneous catalysis: Here the catalyst and the reactants are in the same phase. Heterogeneous catalysis The effect of the surface is often so profound that it may be difficult to remember that this effect is of hastening the approach to an equilibrium state. ; Some Important professional Terms; ;21. Homogeneous Catalysis均相催化剂22. Heterogeneous Catalysis非均相催化剂23. Enzymes酶24. catalyst 催化剂 25. The Equilibrium Constant平衡常数 26. the Direction of Reaction反应方向27. Effects of Volume, Pressure, Temperature Chan