中毒致死量.ppt

药 物 中 毒; Medicine intoxication;Cocaine;概 述;Drug Dependence; Depressants Alcohol Responsible for about half of traffic deaths Poor job performance and disrupted family life Health problems: Cirrhosis, Fetal alcohol syndrome Barbiturates (sedatives镇静药) Sleep inducing, can induce dependence Especially dangerous when used with alcohol Tranquilizers 利眠宁(anxiolytics抗焦虑药) Benzodiazepines (Valium, Librium) among most used Variants not approved include Rohypnol Causes loss of short term memory Used for personal attacks; Psychoactive/Psychedelic Marijuana(大麻) Short term use – relaxation; Long term – loss of motivation Loss of coordination, slow reaction time, disordered thought Legalized for medical use in some states (controversial) Sometimes contaminated with herbicide paraquat LSD（） Strong hallucinogen, vivid colors Flashbacks common PCP（五氯酚）/Ketamine At first, feelings of strength, invulnerability, detachment Then confusion, agitation, depression Long term – depression, suicide, schizophrenia Natural sources Cacti 闲人掌(peyote) – mescaline Mushrooms – psilocybin, ibotenic acid;Drugs that depress Brain function;第一节 催眠镇静药中毒;吩噻嗪类中毒;BENZODIAZEPINES;毒理作用： 抑制中枢神经系统，作用部位在脑干网状结构上行激活系统、大脑边缘系统及下丘脑。对自主神经抑制也较显著。 口服从胃肠吸收入血，注射吸收更快，脑中浓度超过血中，其他组织也超过血中。大部在肝脏代谢，尿液排除，经胆汁由粪便排除也起重要作用。 同巴比妥类、吗啡等有协同作用。;中 毒 症 状;Phenothiazine sudden death syndrome;尸检所见：急性者－无特殊表现，一般急 死征象。 慢性者或过敏者－皮疹、黄疸，肝细胞变性、坏死，脂肪变性，胆汁淤积，嗜酸细胞浸润。脑神经细胞皱缩，尼氏体消失。 检材采取：尿液最好，血和（或）肝也可，脑肾亦可。 ;法医学鉴定要点;苯二氮卓类;;毒 理 作 用;中毒致死量： 致死量 致死血浓度 安定： 100-500mg/kg 20mg/L 氯氮平： 2g 30mg/L 中毒症状： 嗜睡，易被唤醒，言语如常，共济失调，过渡镇静，可有头痛、视物模糊、恶心、药疹 大剂量可昏迷，血压下降，呼吸循环衰竭 检材采取：尿、胃内容、血、脏器， 肝脑 血肾 肺 ;尸检所见： 急性中毒－一般窒息征象 慢性中毒－皮疹，肝细胞坏死，肾小管 上皮细胞变性、坏死 长期药物滥用－NC退行性变，NC变 性、坏死，胶质细胞增生明 显，淀粉小体形成。 法医鉴定要点：服