表面活性成分.doc

表面活性剂的分类方法很多，根据疏水基结构进行分类，分直链、支链、芳 表面活性剂香链、含氟长链等；根据亲水基进行分类，分为羧酸盐、硫酸盐、季铵盐、PEO衍生物、内酯等；有些研究者根据其分子构成的离子性分成离子型、非离子型等，还有根据其水溶性、化学结构特征、原料来源等各种分类方法。但是众多分类方法都有其局限性，很难将表面活性剂合适定位，并在概念内涵上不发生重叠。 　　人们一般都认为按照它的化学结构来分比较合适。即当表面活性剂溶解于水后，根据是否生成离子及其电性，分为离子型表面活性剂和 HYPERLINK /s?wd=%E9%9D%9E%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%9E%8B%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E5%89%82tncprfenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y1ujF-n1b3PWwBnjIhm1Ds0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3En1TkPjnsnj0s \t _blank 非离子型表面活性剂。 　　按极性基团的解离性质分类 　　 1、 HYPERLINK /s?wd=%E9%98%B4%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E5%89%82tncprfenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y1ujF-n1b3PWwBnjIhm1Ds0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3En1TkPjnsnj0s \t _blank 阴离子表面活性剂：硬脂酸， HYPERLINK /s?wd=%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E7%83%B7%E5%9F%BA%E8%8B%AF%E7%A3%BA%E9%85%B8%E9%92%A0tncprfenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y1ujF-n1b3PWwBnjIhm1Ds0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3En1TkPjnsnj0s \t _blank 十二烷基苯磺酸钠?　　 2、 HYPERLINK /s?wd=%E9%98%B3%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E5%89%82tncprfenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y1ujF-n1b3PWwBnjIhm1Ds0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3En1TkPjnsnj0s \t _blank 阳离子表面活性剂：季铵化物 　　 3、 HYPERLINK /s?wd=%E4%B8%A4%E6%80%A7%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E5%89%82tncprfenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y1ujF-n1b3PWwBnjIhm1Ds0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9Uz4Bmy-bIi4WUvYETgN-TLwGUv3En1TkPjnsnj0s \t _blank 两性离子表面活性剂：卵磷脂，氨基酸型，甜菜碱型 　　 4、 HYPERLINK /s?wd=%E9%9D%9E%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E5%89%82tncprfenlei=mv6quAkxTZn0IZRqIHckPjm4nH00T1Y1ujF-n1b3PWwBnjIhm1Ds0ZwV5Hcvrjm3rH6sPfKWUMw85HfYnjn4nH6sgvPsT6KdThsqpZwYTjCEQLGCpyw9