社会学理论的结构。特纳。第17章,中英对照资料.pptVIP

第17章 行为主义交换理论:霍曼斯;17.Behavioristic Exchange Theory:George C.Homans;;;;;;;;;基本交换原理;THE BASIC EXCHANGE PRINCIPLES;;;;Table17.1 Homanss Exchange Propositions I.Success Proposition: For all actions taken by persons,the more often a particular action of a person is rewarded, the more likely the person is to perform that action. II.Stimulus Proposition: If in the past the occurrence of a particular stimulus or set of stimuli has been the occasion on which a persons action has been rewarded, then, the more similar the present stimuli ate to the past ones ,the more likely the person is to perform the action or some similar action now. III.Value Proposition: The more valuable to a person the result of his or her action is, the more likely he or she is to perform the action. IV.Deprivation/Satiation Proposition: The more often in the recent past a person has received a particular reward, the less valuable any further unit of that reward becomes for that person. V.Aggressionl/Approval Propositions: A.When a persons action does not receive the reward expected or receives punishment that was not expected, he or she will be angry and become more likely to perform aggressive behavior. The results of such behavior become more valuable to that person. B.When a persons actions receive the reward expected, especially greater reward than expected, or does not receive punishment expected, he or she will be pleased and become more likely to perform approving behavior. The results of such behavior become more valuableto that person. VI. Rationality Proposition: In choosing between alternative actions,a person will choose that one for which, as perceived by him or her at the time, the value of the result, multiplied by the probability of getting that result, is gteater. ;;;;;用基本的原理来建构解释体系;USING THE BASIC PRINCIPLES TO CONSTRUCT EXPLANATIONS;;;;;;;;;;;从行为到宏观结构;FROM BEHAVIOR TO MACROSTRUCTURE;;;;;;;;;;;结论;CONCLUSION