A-LEVEL物理2 Unit 5复习资料4.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 6 Unit 5 physics from creation to collapse Section 4 thermal energy Revision spread :1.internal energy Checkpoints :(1) Explain the concept of internal energy as the random distribution of potential and kinetic energy among molecules. (2) Explain the concept of absolute zero and how the average kinetic energy of molecules is related to the absolute temperature . (3) recognize and use the expression ΔE=mcΔθ. (201306r-10)The absolute temperature scale is a theoretical scale proposed by Lord Kelvin.On this scale, zero is the temperature at which A .all gases become liquids. B .an ideal gas would exert no pressure. C .the Celsius temperature is ?373 °C. D .water freezes. (201306-12) The heating element of an electric shower has a power of 6.0kW (a) The shower is operated from a 230 V mains supply. Calculate the resistance of the heating element. (b)Water enters the shower at a temperature of 7.5 °C. Calculate the water flow rate required to give an output temperature of 37.5 °C. specific heat capacity of water =4200J kg–1K–1 Revision spread :2. gas laws and kinetic theory Checkpoints :(1)recognize and use the expression 1/2mc2=3/2 kT (2)use pV=NkT as the equation of state for an ideal gas . (201306-2) When energy is supplied to a substance, changes in the average molecular kinetic energy (Ek) and the average molecular potential energy (Ep) can occur. When energy is supplied to an ideal gas A .both Ek and Ep increase. B .Ek may increase. C .Ep may increase. D .Ek increases but Ep decreases. (201306-7) Air is a mixture of mostly nitrogen and oxygen molecules. The mass of an oxygen molecule is slightly greater than the mass of a nitrogen molecule. On average, in a sample of air at a given temperature A .the nitrogen and oxygen molecules have the same speed. B .the nitrogen molecules are travelling more slowly than the oxygen molecules. C .the oxygen molecules are travelling