SCJP_Ch02Object Orientation.docVIP

SCJP Study Notes: Chapter 2 Object Orientation Page  PAGE 9 of  NUMPAGES 9 Chapter 2 Object Orientation 1. Encapsulation keep instance var protected by using ‘private’ make public accessor method (getter and setter) 2. Inheritance, IS-A, HAS-A Every class in JAVA is a subclass of object class e.g. inherit equals, instanceof method Inheritance provide ? code reuse, polymorphism 2.1 IS-A Through inheritance (extends) Through implements (interface) e.g. BMW is-a Car ? BMW extends Car Car is-a Vehicle ? BMW is a vehicle (2 level) 2.2 HAS-A Class A HAS-A B if code in Class A has a ref. to instance of B e.g. BMW IS A Car, BMW HAS-A Wheel public class BMW extends Car { private Wheel myWheel; } 3. Polymorphism Java does NOT support multiple inheritance public interface Accelerable { accelerate ( ); } class BMW extends Car implements Accelerable BMW can be treated polymorphically as: BMW bmw = new BMW( ); Object O = bmw; Car car = bmw; Accelerable a = bmw; Car and bmw can invoke drive( ) method 4. Overriding / Overloading 4.1 Overriding when a class inherit method from superclass, have opportunity to override except that the method is marked ‘final’ public class TestCar { public static void main(String [ ] args) { Car a = new Car( ); Car b = new BMW( ); // Car ref, BMW object a.drive( ); // car version b.drive( ); // bmw version } } class Car { public void drive( ) { … } // Overridden method } class BMW extends Car { public void drive( ) { … } // Overriding method public void accelerate { } { … } } Car c = new Car( ); c.accelerate( ); // ERROR compiler looks only at ref. type, NOT instance type The overriding method cannot have a more restrictive access modifier than the method being overridden e.g. drive( ) in BMW can’t be private or protected Rules for overriding a method Arg. list must exactly match the overridden method, O.W. end up with overload return type must be the same as, or subtype of the return type declared in the original overrid