科技英语阅读课文摘要.docVIP

西南科技大学 这是本人考试前整理的资料，只选了学过的课文，全部摘要是百度翻译的，有许多语法错误，注意改正 UNIT1 本文详细介绍了罗素悖论的产生，作用，回答及由此发展的新理论。罗素悖论的提出基于一个非常有意思的理发师悖论。 1903年，罗素悖论的发表从根本上揭示了费雷格集合系统的局限性。上世纪很多数学家都试图对这个悖论作出回答，但都失败了。罗素自己对这个悖论的回答促进了类型理论的形成，他指出，悖论的问题在于我们混淆了数集和数集的集合。所以，罗素介绍了对象的分级系统：数、数集、数集的集合等等。后来，策梅洛对于罗素悖论的解决方法用了新的公理，这就是现在数学家普遍接受的策梅洛-弗兰克尔集合论。 This paper introduces in detail the Russell paradox, role, and the development of new theory. Russell paradox based on a very interesting barber paradox. In 1903, Russell paradox published reveals radically Frege set the limitation of the system. The last century many mathematicians have attempted to answer this paradox, but failed. Russell himself to this paradox answer promoted type theory formation, he pointed out, the paradox problem we mix number set and number set. So, Russell describes the object classification system: the number, the number of sets, set etc.. Later, Zermelo for the Russell paradox solution using a new axiom, it is now generally accepted Zermelo - Fraenkel set theory. UNIT2 暗能量的存在并未被证明，但却是宇宙学家最感兴趣、最迫切想了解的事物之一，它是科学家用来解释宇宙为何不断加速膨胀的最佳猜想。20世纪90年代中叶科学家在开始测算宇宙膨胀速度的时候发现了这种能加速宇宙膨胀的能量——暗能量，宇宙常数是它的理论基础。暗能量有时候会与同样神秘的暗物质相混淆，尽管它们两是不同的事物。暗物质是一种假想的物质，把两者加在一起，暗物质和暗能量似乎占据了宇宙的绝大部分质量。暗能量的发现还引起了一大堆其他的问题。 The existence of dark energy has not been proved, but it is one of the cosmologists are most interested in, most urgently want to know things, it is the best guess scientists use to explain why the Universe is constantly accelerating expansion. The mid-1990s, scientists found that the speed of expansion of the universe at the beginning of calculation this can be the energy of the accelerated expansion of the universe - dark energy, the cosmological constant is its theoretical basis. Dark energy can sometimes be confused with the equally mysterious dark matter, even though they are two different things. Dark matter is a hypothetical substance, the two are added together, the dark matter and dark energy seems to occupy most of the quality of the universe. The discovery