高考英语语法图表_精编.doc

PAGE  PAGE - 18 - III. 形容词和副词的比较等级 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。 项 目例 句同级比较时常常用 as…as…以及not so(as)…as…She is as tall as her mother. I am not as/ so good a player as you are.双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 （+ than）” 的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方阴藏起来的情况。This picture is more beautiful than that one. I have never seen such a more interesting film (than this one).表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一方随另一方变化时用“the more…the more…”句型The harder you work, the more progress you will make用比较级来表达最高级的意思I have never spent a more worrying day. 我从来没有度过这样令人烦恼的一天。 （意为：我度过了最为令人烦恼的一天。） 倍数的表达表达法一：A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。 表达法二：A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。 表达法三：A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours. 你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。 用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.注意：1. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal； 2. 表示“最高程度“的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect，superior,junior等。 七、非谓语动词 非谓语动词的语法功能 所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语补足语定语状语V-ing形式现在分词△△△△动名词△△△△不定式（to do）△△△△△△过去分词(done)△△△△注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分 generally speaking一般说来；frankly speaking坦白地说；judging from/by...根据……来判断；considering.../o consideration考虑到……； to tell you the truth说实话；seeing...考虑到……；supposing假设，如果；providing如果；given考虑到，鉴于；provided that如果 非谓语动词的形式变化 非谓语 形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor sb. to do sth. 或 of sb. to do sth.在“to”前加not 或never进行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成 进行式to have been doing/动名词一般式doingbeing donesb.或sb’s doing 作主语要用 sb’s doing在前加not 特别注意复合结构的否定式： sb’s not doing sb’s not h