汽车常见故障论文.docVIP

2013届专科毕业设计（论文） 题目：发动机基本常见故障诊断与排除 班 级：　2011级 学 号：2011DBH04061　 姓 名：　谭宇飞 指导教师： 罗东雨 2013年3月 发动机基本常见故障诊断与排除 学生姓名： 彭德飞 学 号： 2011DBH04061 所在函授站 ：长沙理工大学柳州函授站 班 级： 2011级 指导教师： 何允萍 完成日期： 2013年3月 目 录 1发动机的总体构造和作用······················1 1.1 发动机组成·····················································1 1.1.1 发动机的作用·················································1 2曲柄连杆机构的常见故障诊断与排除························2 2.1曲轴主轴承响····················································2 2.2连杆轴承响······················································2 3配气机构的检查与调整····································3 3.1配气相位检查····················································3 3.2气门脚响························································3 3.3气门漏气························································3 4燃料供给系常见故障与排除································4 4.1不来油或来油不畅················································4 4.2加速不良························································4 5润滑系常见故障··········································5 5.1润滑系常见故障与排除············································5 5.2机油消耗过多····················································5 6冷却系的常见故障与排除··································6 6.1冷却液充足但发动机过热 ········································6 6.2冷却系不足引起发动机过热········································6 参考文献··················································7 致谢······················································8 发动机基本常见故障诊断与排除 摘 要 本文简述了汽油发动机的常见故障与排除方法，如曲柄连杆机构、配气机构、燃料供给系、润滑系、冷却系的故障诊断与排除。主要对润滑系作了详细的讲解。 关键词：配气机构、点火系、润滑系 1发动机的总体构造和作用 1.1 发动机组成 现代汽车发动机是一部由许多机构和系统组成的复杂机器，其结构形式多种多样。例如，现在最广泛使用的采用汽油和柴油作为燃料的往复活塞式发动机，其具体构造也千差万别，但由于基本工作原理相同，所以其基本结构也就大同小异。汽油机通常由曲柄连杆、配气两大机构和燃料供给、润滑、冷却、点火、起动五大系统组成。 1.1.1 发动机的作用 发动机的作用是使供入其中的燃料燃烧而发出动力。大多数汽车都采用往复活塞式内燃机（由于现代科技的高速发展，汽车发动机除了有内燃机外，还有了燃料电池式发动机，蓄电池式电动机等，我们将在以后的新技术里面介绍），它一般是由机体、曲柄连杆机构、配气机构、供给系、冷却系、润滑系、点火系（汽油发动机采用）、起动系等部分组成。如图-1。 图-1发动机的总体构造 2曲柄连杆机构的常见故障诊断与排除 曲柄连杆机构的故障属于机械类故障，此类故障大多数是以异响出现