产业组织chapter4产品差异化教程方案.pptVIP

CHAPTER 4;§1 characteristic approach ;Most real-world examples combine elements of horizontal and vertical product differntiation.In fact,whenever products are defined by more than one characteristic, even if consumers agree that more of each characteristic is better.;2.characteristic approach(K.J.Lancaster,1966);An example：the demand for automobiles;;consumers valuation of characteristics;Net utility for buyers;The adventages from characteristics approach It allows for a genaral treatment of product differentiation that encompasses horizontal and vertical differiation It allows for significa