医学影像系统原理5MRI重点.ppt

医学影像系统原理:磁共振成像技术;*;*;Animation from 3D MRI;不同成像谱段;;MRI;;;;*;磁共振成像;磁共振成像的作用与影响;磁共振成像的历史;磁共振成像的历史;磁共振成像命名;磁共振成像特点:(一)多参数成像;多参数成像;*;;*;*;(四)无电离辐射，即无创性检查;*;*;开放式磁共振成像系统;国产开放式磁共振成像系统(0.3T);*;（三）图像易受多种伪影影响;（四）禁忌症多;*;*;Synopsis of MRI;Many factors contribute to MR imaging;What kinds of nuclei can be used for NMR?;;Hydrogen atoms are best for MRI;Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Visible Nuclei;Resonance frequencies of common nuclei;;A Single Proton;Magnetic Moment;Angular Momentum; m = g J m is the magnetic moment g is called gyromagnetic ratio. It is a constant for a given nucleus.;How do protons interact with a magnetic field?;Ref: ;*;The energy difference between the two alignment states depends on the nucleus;;;;A Mechanical Analogy: A Swing set;; If M is not parallel to B, then it precesses clockwise around the direction of B. “Normal” (fully relaxed) situation has M parallel to B, and therefore does not precess ;*;MRI uses a combination of Magnetic and Electromagnetic Fields;Radio Frequency Fields;The Effect of Irradiation to the Spin System;Spin System After Irradiation;;Net magnetization;;;宏观磁化矢量M;Quantum vs Classical Physics;To measure magnetization we must perturb it;磁共振条件;射频脉冲辐射;核磁共振的经典物理学理论;核磁共振的经典物理学理论;剩余磁场章动;弛豫现象;*;*;*;*;Derivation of precession frequency;MR信号形成;电磁感应与感生电压;电磁感应与FID信号;FID信号;自旋回波信号;自旋回波信号;自旋回波信号;Recording the MR signal;NMR signal decays in time;T2* decay;Different tissues have different relaxation times. These relaxation time differences can be used to generate image contrast.;磁共振成像系统组成;磁体系统;磁体性能;（二）磁场均匀度;（三）磁场稳定性;（四）有效孔径;成像磁体分类;永磁型;（二）常导型;常导型;（三）超导型 ;超导线圈的材料一般采用铌－钛二元合金的多芯复合超导线。在液氦温度下，铌钛细丝处于超导态而呈现零电阻特性，但分布于其周围的铜基保持一定的??阻相当于绝缘体，一旦发生失超，电流就会从铜基流过，以释放磁体储存的巨大电能，防止过热而使超导体烧毁。另外，铜基作为机械支持物，可提高线圈的机械强度。 超导磁体的高场强、高稳定性、高均匀性、不耗电能以及容易达到有效的孔径是其优点。但是，超导线圈必须浸泡在密封的液氦杜瓦中工作，这增加了磁体制造的复杂性和定期液氦的补给。;磁体系统组成;磁体系统;梯度系统;*;梯度磁场性能;梯度场线性与强度;（四）梯度场变化率和梯度上升时间;梯度系统组成;梯度线圈;射频系统;一、射频脉冲分类;二、射频线圈分类;射频线圈主要指标;（三）品质因数;填充因数与有效范围;计算机系统