00 反应谱.ppt

四、群体效应 （高规） 轻 松 一 刻 言 归 正 传 Example The toppled crown atop the 95-foot high tower of a 1920 Art Deco building on Hollywood Boulevard. (photo: Ken Fowler) Part of Interstate 10 west of downtown Los Angeles collapsed in the shaking of the Northridge earthquake. This section of the Santa Monica Freeway had been built across drained wetlands, which is probably why it experienced seismic failure. The damage here was repaired within three months. (photo: Kerry Sieh) The hospital in Santa Monica shows classic X-pattern cracks as evidence of the damage it sustained during the Northridge earthquake. (photo: Gregory Davis) This 2500-car-capacity parking structure, a recent (1991) addition to the Cal State University - Northridge campus, suffered partial collapse in the intense shaking of the Northridge earthquake. A close-up of of this entrance to the parking structure shows the closely spaced fractures in the reinforced concrete columns which allowed bending of the outer wall. (photo: Ken Fowler ) Tangled, collapsed stairwell at the northeast corner of the CSUN parking structure. Total damage to the campus was estimated at between $250 and $350 million. (photo: Ken Fowler Buckling of freeway support columns under the Simi Valley Freeway at the north end of the San Fernando Valley. This buckling shows the structural failure produced by high vertical acceleration. (photo: Ta-Liang Teng) 1906 San Francisco Earthquake 一、概 念 由震源发出的地震波到达建筑场地后引起地面运动（包括 三个平动分量和三个转动风量），经建筑物基础激起结构 产生振动，振动过程中的惯性力即为地震作用。 地震作用下结构会产生水平振动、竖向振动及扭转振动， 以水平振动为主。 §3.3 地 震 作 用 二、影响地震作用大小的因素 （质量分布、周期、振型和阻尼等） 1. 内因：结构的动力特性 2. 外因：地面运动（地震动） 地震动的三要素 幅 值 频 谱 持 时 加速度、速度 或位移峰值 结构非线性 累积破坏 功率谱、反应谱 及傅氏谱 惯性力： EL Centrol (1940 NS)地震波 Fourier 幅值谱和频率谱 功率谱 三、抗震设计的一般规定 1. 抗震设防目标—— “三水准”设防 小震不坏：众值烈度(I0-1.55)，63.2% (50 年) 大震不倒：罕遇烈度(I0+1.0)，2～3% （2475年－1642年） 中震可修：设防烈度I0 (见地震烈度区划图)，10～13% (475年) 什么叫做“小震不坏”、“中震可修”、“大震不倒”？ 建筑抗震设计规范GB50011－2001规定 2、抗震概念设计和抗震构造措施 概念设计包括：场地、结构体系、材料、平面布置、立面布置、主要抗侧力构件的截面尺寸、非结构构件等等