8modifiers.pptVIP

CACE: NP modifiers Quiz in Week 13 (the week of Dec. 5th) Answer questions and analyze language facts about Comparison of English and Chinese Word formation process Word class (prep, art, SFP) Sentence structure (subject vs. topic, predicate vs. comment, passives, NP modifiers) Position of modifiers in NP Word order of multiple premodifiers in NP Premodifiers and postmodifiers in English NPs NP →Det premodifier NP E.g.: a beautiful flower NP →Det NP postmodifier E.g.: a flower beautiful and sweet Modifiers in Chinese NPs are all preposed. NP →Det premodifier NP E.g.: 一朵漂亮的花 一朵又美又香的花 Postmodifiers in English NPs (Mao 2009: 113-117) Relative clauses people who know what their dreams are There was one idea that seemed to repeat itself throughout all the books. to-clauses (infinitive clause) the way to get to the library He needed someone to talk to. ing-clauses (present participle clause) He went down the stairs and found the merchant waiting on a foreign couple. an endless row of palm dates stretching across the entire desert ed-clauses (past participle clause) This is the candidate expected to win the next election The packaging used to protect the books was damaged. Noun complements the idea that all human beings are born equal the claim that this theory offers the best explanation PPs (Prepositional Phrases) the hair of the old king this time of the morning Modifiers preposed and postposed All the available accommodation was put at our disposal. All the accommodation available was put at our disposal. 前置时，形容词与名词关系紧密；后置时，形容词与名词关系较不紧密，并且具有从句的性质，多可用从句来代替。 Different meanings (Mao 2009:115-116) Single participles are usually preposed when used as modifiers. boiling water 开着的水 (ing = 着: 持续体) boiled water 开(过的)水 (ed = 过: 经验体) a gone case 无可挽救的事 the changed world (ed = 了: 完成体) the changing world (ing = (进行)中: 进行体) Single participles are postposed for emphatic effects. When they got into the boat there was a light breeze blowing.