仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage3-214AWXFACTORS答案.pptVIP

Drizzle - .5mmm Rainshowers preciptiation that starts, changes intensity, and suddenly stops. Ice pellets formed from freezing of raindrops or from freezing of snowflakes(partially melted). Freezing rain at higher altitudes Black ice comes from freezing rain Hail .2 inches and more, produced in strong updrafts of cumuliform clouds * Two exceptions. Very low stratus and fog are known to produce precipitation that is very light and composed of very small droplets. In the tropics large condensation nuclei (salt) from the oceans result in some large cloud droplets. In middle and high latitudes especially over continents, condensation nuclei are much smaller, water droplets are smaller and more numerous, and clouds are colder. Collision/coalescense alone cannot produce significant precipitation under these conditions. * Frontal Clouds Weather Fronts Boundary between air masses Frontal passage changes: Temperature Wind direction Wind speed Factors affecting intensity: 1) moisture 2) stability of lifted air 3) speed 4) slope 5) moisture temp variations 6)surface over which it moves Frontal Depictions Frontal Cross Sections Frontal Discontinuities Cold Fronts Cold, dense, stable air moves into an area of warm, lighter, unstable air. Forces less dense, warm air up. Fast moving steep slope due to friction Slow moving leading edge much shallower fair weather cumulus behind Cold Front Warm Fronts Warm air moves over cooler air at the surface. Slower moving than cold fronts. Clouds determined by stability and moisture content. If warm, moist, stable: stratus and steady rain If warm, moist, unstable (lifted): cumulus and showery rain Warm Front Other Fronts Stationary Opposing forces of 2 air masses balance each other Occluded Fast moving cold front catches up to a slow moving warm front Weather dependent on temperature differences Stationary Front Occluded Front Frontal Cyclone Stages (Fig 9-23 and 9-24) Pre-Development Incipient Occluded Dissipating Extended over a period