九年级非谓语动词专题复习(鲁教版).docVIP

非谓语动词专题复习 一、要点揭示: 非谓语动词的考查，初中阶段以动词不定式（to do）为主，同时也涉及其他非谓语动词如：动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）过去分词（done）。非谓语动词在句中除不能独立做谓语外，可以做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语等其他成分。以上例题就是对非谓语动词句法作用的考查。在单项选择题中由于命题人在试题的选择项中，使三种非谓语动词的形式全部出现，从而更加加大了试题的迷惑度；完成句子或翻译句子大多考查了与非谓语动词有关的短语或句型。下面以动词不定式为主线将非谓语动词的句法作用做一归纳。 二、知识结构 1、做主语 不定式做主语： 例如：To learn English well is not hard. To give is better than to receive. 注：不定式做主语常用形式主语it代替。构成句型：It is +adj. +（for sb.）+ to do。如：It’s hard for you to do it well. 请动手：把以上两句用该句型来改写。 请思考：It is nice of you to give me so much help.句中为什么用of而不用for呢? 2）动名词做主语： 例如：Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 请思考：该句中的动名词是否也可用it代替呢？ 2、做表语 1）不定式做表语 如：To eat is to live, but to live is not to eat. My job is to sell computers. My wish is to fly to the moon. 2）动名词或现在分词做表语。 如：My hobby is playing basketball. The news is very interesting. 3）过去分词做表语 如：My bike was broken. I was satisfied at the news. His mother is worried about him. 3、作宾语 非谓语动词做宾语是中考的重要考查点，该考点涉及动词不定式和动名词做宾语的区别。下面以不同类型的动词为线索，加以说明。 只能接动词不定式做宾语的动词：decide, hope, agree, choose, fail, wish, learn等。构成句型：动词+to do。如：We agreed to meet him on Sunday. 请动手：用以上动词各造一句。 既能接不定式又能接动名词做宾语但意义区别不大的动词：like, love, begin, start, hate等。构成句型：动词+to do和动词+doing 如：I will start to work(working) tomorrow. Do you like to play(playing) football? 请动手：用以上动词各造两句体会其用法。 注：下面情况一般只能用不定式做宾语。 I. Would you like/love 后，表示特定动作时。 如：Would you like to leave a message? II.当谓语已经用了进行时态时。如：It’s beginning to rain. III.在begin后非谓语动词由某些状态动词构成时。 如：We began to think of this question. She began to believe his story. 3)接不定式和动名词做宾语意思不同的动词： I. need和want 跟动名词时表示被动意义，跟不定式表示主动意义。 如：These trees need watering(to be watered). We need to go there. 请动手：用want造两个句子加以体会。 II. remember, forget, stop, go on 后跟动名词表示动作发生在这些动词之前，跟不定式表示动作发生在这些动词之后。试比较以下两组句子体会不同：Go on reading. 和After he finished the composition, he went on to do his homework.. She stopped speaking.和He stopped to speak to Martin. 请思考：最后一句中不定式to speak在句中还可以理解为做什么成分？ III. try和mean跟动名词和不定式做宾语意义差别很大。 try doing 表示“试着做某事”，而try to do表示“设法做某事”。 m