学术论文：HIVAIDS疫情特征分析.docVIP

HIV/AIDS疫情特征分析 【摘要】 目的 了解宜昌市1995～2010年艾滋病流行病学特征，为制定防治措施提供科学依据。方法 对1995～2010年艾滋病疫情报告和流行病调查资料进行统计分析。结果 宜昌市艾滋病疫情呈明显上升趋势。20～45岁人群占73.59%，男女之比为1.54：1，农民占46.13％，初中文化以下文化程度占80.99%，外地病例比例逐渐增加。病例发现分布各个县市区，呈地区聚集性。2004年以前以采血（浆）传播为主，2004年以后以异性传播为主，同性传播近两年迅速上升。结论 应加大监测力度，尤其是加强重点人群的监测，采取积极有效的预防控制措施，以控制宜昌市艾滋病传播与流行。 【关键词】HIV/AIDS；流行病学特征；疫情报告 Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of HIV/AIDS from 1995 to 2010 in Yichang City 【Abstract】Objective This investigation was intended to explore epidemiologic features of AIDS from 1995 to 2010 in Yichang to provide scientific basis for the formulation of preventive and therapeutic measures. Methods Statistical analysis was performed of AIDS epidemic reports and the data collected by investigations conducted in Yichang from 1995 to 2010. Results The analysis showed that the incidence of HIV／AIDS in Yichang was on the rise in recent years. Victims at the age of 20 to 45 years old has a proportion of 74.59％. Peasants accounted for 49.18％ and those whose degree of education was below junior middle school for 82.79％. The ratio of outlanders in the cases was gradually increasing during these years. The male to female is in the ratio of 1.52：1. Before 2004, the main route of transmission was blood collecting, and after that year was the vaginal sex. In the recent two years, the gay spreading was rising rapidly. Conclusion Surveillance of HIV／AIDS should be strengthened, especially that of the target population. Also, active and effective measures should be taken in order to curb spread of AIDS in Yichang. 【Key words】HIV/AIDS；Epidemiological characteristics；Epidemicological reports 宜昌市自1995年发现第一例艾滋病感染者开始，截至2010年12月31日共累计报告HIV／AIDS 284例。为了解近年来HIV／AIDS流行特征及流行趋势，采取有针对性的预防、控制措施，为有效的控制艾滋病在宜昌市的流行提供理论依据，现将1995～2010年宜昌市HIV／AIDS疫情相关资料分析如下。 1 材料与方法 1.1 资料来源 (1)病例报告：各县、市、区疾控中心专病管理员。(2)常规监测和哨点监测：根据卫生部确定的重点人群及高危人群，进行HIV抗体常规监测。建立艾滋病监测哨点，承担省疾控中心下达的HIV监测任务，开始每年对重点人群(卖淫人员、吸毒人员、献血员、性病患者及涉外宾馆从业人员等)进行HIV抗体检测。(3)自愿咨询检测(VCT)：对自愿咨询者进行检测。(4)艾滋病专项流行病学调查：根据