电磁场与电磁波第10讲电流密度电动势电压电流定理-wb要点分析.ppt

summary * Field and Wave Electromagnetics 电磁场与电磁波 2012. 3. 23 1. Poisson’s and Laplace’s Equations In Cartesian coordinates: Review 4. Solution of Electrostatic Problems 3. Method of Images 4. Boundary-Value Problems in Cartesian Coordinates 2. Uniqueness of Electrostatic Solutions uniqueness theorem: means that a solution of Poisson’s equation (of which Laplace’s equation is a special case) that satisfies the given boundary conditions is a unique solution. Essence: The effect of the boundary is replaced by one or several equivalent charges, and the original inhomogeneous region with a boundary becomes an infinite homogeneous space. Main topic Steady Electric Currents 3. Equation of Continuity and Kirchhoff’s Current Law 1. Current Density and Ohm’s Law 2. Electromotive Force and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law 1. Current Density and Ohm’s Law Electrolytic current(电解电流): are the result of migration of positive and negative ions; （正离子和负离子徙动的结果） Convection current(对流电流): result from motion of electrons and/or ions in a vacuum or rarefied gas;（电子和（或）离子在真空中的运动） Conduction current(传导电流): in conductors and semiconductors are caused by drift motion of conduction electrons and/or holes;（导体和半导体中的电子和（或）空穴的移动引起的） The amount of charge ?Q passing through the element of surface ?S with the time ?t, is Current is the time rate of change of charge, so Consider the steady motion of one kind of charge carriers, each of charge q (which is negative for electrons), across an element of surface ?s with a velocity u. If N is the number of charge carriers per unit volume, then in time ?t each charge carrier moves a distance u?t Define vector current density(电流密度矢量): It is convenient to define a vector point function, volume current density, or simply current density J, in amperes per square meter, The total current I flowing through an arbitrary surface S is then the flux of the J vector through S: We may rewrite: which is the relation between the convection current density and