我国住房公积金制度存在问题与对策研究.pdf

I 摘 要 我国的住房公积金制度是随着我国住房制度改革而产生的，为解决住房问 题而实施的一种强制性、互助性的长期储蓄制度。经过二十多年的发展，公积 金制度已基本步入规范化、制度化的轨道，为改善城镇居民住房条件发挥了积 极作用，但也面临着许多问题，需要加以改革。 本文首先介绍了我国住房公积金的概念、特点和现状，并对我国住房公积 金制度的发展阶段进行了总结。然后，通过对上海、北京、云南等地住房公积 金数据的分析和深入研究，结合近年来对住房公积金审计的成果，指出我国住 房公积金在制度设计方面存在法律体系不健全、管委会虚置、管理中心定位不 清、低存低贷利率政策有损中低收入者利益的问题；监管方面存在监管体系不 健全、内部监管薄弱、信息透明度低、信息系统不统一的问题；制度运行方面 存在公积金覆盖面窄、超限缴存公积金、资金运用效益低、违规发放贷款、信 息系统有安全隐患的问题。再次，介绍了新加坡的中央公积金制度、德国的合 同住房储蓄制度和韩国的国民住宅基金，以及对我国完善住房公积金制度的启 示。最后，从制度设计、监管、运行方面提出了完善我国住房公积金制度的建 议。制度设计方面要健全法规体系、改进管委会决策体制、明确管理中心定位、 采用高存低贷利率政策；监管方面要健全监管体系、加强内部监管、提高信息 公开透明度、建立行政监督管理信息系统；制度运行方面要扩大覆盖面、控制 缴存比例和基数、拓宽资金使用渠道、加强贷款管理、完善信息系统。 关键词：中国；住房公积金；问题；建议 II ABSTRACT Housing accumulation fund system in China was a compulsory and mutual-aid long-term saving system, which was founded to deal with the housing problems following the reform of housing system. With the development over 20 years, the system has been operated in the fundamental normalization and institutionalization track to play a positive role in improving the housing status of town dwellers. However, it has been facing many problems, its reform is necessary. This thesis introduced the concept, characterization, and present status of China housing accumulation fund system at first, and summarized its developing stages. Then the existing problems in the system of China housing accumulation fund were pointed out, based on the deep analysis and study into the data of housing accumulation fund in Beijing, Shanghai and Yunnan province, and the achievement in auditing of housing accumulation fund. The present problems found out were covered in system designing, supervision, and system operation. The problems in system designing were, namely, imperfect law system, invalid administration, unclearly positioned administration centers, and interest-damaged for lower incomers in the policy of low-deposit-low-loan policy. In the supervision, problems were as imperfect supervision system, weakne