中国学生英语俄文中的文化迁移和其教学对策.pdf

Introduction 1．1 The Study of Transfer：A General Account Transfer OccUrs in all processes ofleaming and assumes various forms．It involves the carrying over of learned behavior from one situation to another．When learning in one situation helps 01facilitates learning in another situation，positive transfer occurs；when learning in one situation interferes with learning in another situation，negative transfer occurs吲chards et a1．，1985：297)． 111e study oftransfer commenced in the 1950s．It was considered the most important factor in theories of L2 learning as well船in approaches to L2 teaching．Robert Lado and Charles Fries were the representatives of the study in that period of time．Robert Lado，in his book,LinguisticsAcross Cultures,published in 1957，pointed out that the main barrier to L2 learning lies in negative U,ansfer from the first language and that contrastive analysis Can predict difficulties in L2 learning．In the 1960s．the study of transfer waned as learners’errors．were seen not as evidence of language transfer but rather of the creative constructionprgcess．Inthe 1980s，however,the studyoftransferreneweditsdevelopment when the study of L2 acquisition and inter-cultural communication reached a new stage． In recent years，the study oftransfer has become an area of important research in learning theories，because language transfer is not only a common phenomenon in L2 learning but also involves such cultural factors aS thought patterns，cultural values，customs and habits． Therefore，further investigations in the phenomenon of transfer are needed in order to facilitate L2 learning and teaching． 1．2 CulturaI Transfer in Chinese ESL Students’Writing As mentioned above，transfer is a common phenomenon in L2 learning．Thus，it is not surprising that ESL teachers often comment that ESL students use patterns of language and stylistic conventions that they have learned in．their nmive languages and cultures when communicating in English．This transfer is not jUSt idiosyncratic variatio