虚拟语气高三版.docVIP

虚 拟 语 气 定义：虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测建议或与事实不符的假设。 虚拟语气可分为三种： （1）一般虚拟 （2）混合虚拟 （3）特殊句式 一．一般虚拟的构成： 1.对现在的虚拟：If +S.+ did/were sth., S.+would/could/should +do 1 If I had time, I would attend the meeting. 2 If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. 2. 对过去的虚拟：If +S.+had + p.p, S.+would/could/should have + p.p 1 If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. 2 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 3.对将来的虚拟：If + S. + did/were/should do/were to do, S + would/should/could do sth. 1 If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. 2 If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off. 3 If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next day. 注意：虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 1 Had we made good preparations, we might have succeeded. 2 Had it not rained, we would have gone out for a walk. 3 Were I you, I would not do such a thing. 4 Should he not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next day. 二．混合虚拟： 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主句和从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 1.不同时间的虚拟： 1 If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now. 2 If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. 2. 虚拟与陈述的混合： 1 He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough. 2 You should have come earlier, but the bus left a moment ago. 三．特殊句式： 1.suggest,advise,recommend,propose,order,command,request,require,demand + that –clause should do/do 1 He suggested that we should save money for the future. 2 I suggest that we should hold a meeting next week. 3 He insisted that he should be sent there. 注意： insist/suggest跟虚拟句和真实句 如果suggest不表示建议，而用于其本意暗示、表明 或insist不表示坚持要某人做某事时，而用于其本意坚持认为时，宾语从句都用陈述语气。判断改错: Your pale face suggests that you should be ill. （×） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.（√） I insisted that you should be wrong.（×） I insisted that you were wrong.（√） 2.It is suggested /advised /ordered/requested/required that