TheProcessoftranslation精编.ppt

 The Process of translation 　　 According to Nida, difference in translation can generally be accounted for by three basic factors in translating: (1) the nature of the message, (2) the purpose or purposes of the author and, by proxy, of the translator, and (3) the type of the audience. (Nida, 1964: 156) 奈达：分析、传译、重组、检验 The four basic processes in translating consist of (1) analysis of the source text, (2) transfer from source to target language, (3) restructuring in the target language, and (4) testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended audience.（Nida, 2001: P. 108) 中国传统方法：理解、表达、审校 理解与翻译 理解是语义辨析、语法分析和逻辑分析相互交叉的过程。 语义辨析就是识别词语的本义和喻义、搭配意义和情感意义、语法意义和语用意义等。 语义辨析1.根据词义搭配确定词义 吃官司(be bought to court) 吃回扣(accept a kickback) 吃馆子(eat out; dine out) 吃亏(suffer losses) 吃枪子 (be hit by a bullet) 吃得开 (be popular) 吃闲饭 (unemployed and without income) 吃香 (popular) (1) 老战士 (2) 老领导 (3) 老师傅 (4) 老闺女 (5) 老黄牛 (6) 老芹菜 (7) 老皇历 (8) 老生常谈 (1) 老战士 a veteran (2) 老领导 a senior leader(3) 老师傅 a master craftsman(4) 老闺女 the youngest daughter(5) 老黄牛 a willing ox(6) 老芹菜 overgrown celery(7) 老皇历 last years calendar(8) 老生常谈 commonplace 申请书 报告书 协议书 成绩通知书 （使用）说明书 旅行委托书 成交确认书 电视机使用说明书 白皮书 家书 无巧不成书 letter of application; report; agreement; grade report; direction; booking form; sales confirmation; television operation guide; white book; a letter from home; no coincidence, no stories 2.根据词类确定词义 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 As long as green mountains exist, there will be no shortage of firewood. While there is life, there is hope. 事在人为 Human effort is the decisive factor. 父母都在 Both parents are still around. 事情发生在去年。It happened last year. 3. 根据语境判断词义 青出于蓝而胜于蓝 青布 the indigo blue is bluer than the plant it comes from--the pupil surpasses the master The new coming from the old is better than the old. 4. 根据专业和场合确定词义 沙眼 管子有沙眼 (small whole) 眼睛患有沙眼病 (trachoma) 语法分析 表层结构 逻辑分析 深层含义 “打扫卫生” “养病” “吃食堂” “救火” “修复皱纹”（眼霜） 你不去我去 “你去哪？吃饭没？” （功能分析） 利用语法知识分析语句意义 这本书我读了三天