时态小结非常重要.ppt

现在完成进行时（have/has been v--ing） 1.一般用法:表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作, 这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止,e.g. It has been raining since two days ago. 2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别: 1］现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作,而现在完成进行时表示一个一直在进行的动作,e.g. ①I have read the book. ②I have been reading the book. 2］现在完成时只陈述一个事实,但现在完成进行时可表示感情色彩,e.g. ①I have waited three hours. ②I have been waiting three hours.（等得好辛苦） 3］现在完成进行时常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况,而现在完成时谈论延续较长的动作或情况,甚至永久情况,e.g. ① He has lived in Paris. ② He has been living in Paris. 过去完成时 常连用的时间状语有by the last /by the end of last １、表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态（过去的过去）。 2、表示过去某一时间开始延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态（用延续性动词）。 ３、表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算。 want /think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等动词的过去完成时＋不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去为曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等 ①I had meant to come, but something happened.（＝ I meant to have come, but something happened. ） ②I had intended to speak at the meeting, but time didn’t permit. （＝ I intended to have spoken at the meeting, but time didn’t permit. ） 4、常用于下列句型中： Hardly /No sooner…(过去完成时)when /than…（一般过去时）。 It /This /That was the time that…(从句用过去完成时)。 It was+一段时间+since. (从句用过去完成时） 过去完成时 1）He said he hadnt collected 300 stamps. 2）Had you learnt 280 new words by the end of last month ? 3）When I rushed to the cinema, the film had begun. For examples By the end of last term we had learnt 20 units. He had been in this college for three years before he left it. They had meant to see me off at the airport, but they got there too late. I had thought you would come tomorrow. It was the third time that he had made the same mistakes. It was five days since they had bought this TV set. 过去完成进行时 过去完成进行时由“had + been + v-ing” 构成，其用法可从下面几点掌握。 ① 表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。 表示在过去某一特定时间以前发生的动作一直持续到这个过去特定时间，或是刚刚结束，或是还要延续。过去完成进行时必须以某一过去时间为前提。例如： We had been talking about you when you came in. 我们正说你呢你就进来了。 At last he got the offer from the university he had been expecting. 他终于收到了期盼已久的大学录取通知书。 I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这东西我找了好多天才找着的。 ② 表示反复的动作。例如： He had been mentioning your name t