第二章大陆架与专属经济区.pptVIP

Chapter Two The Continental Shelf and The Exclusive Economic Zone 第二章 大陆架与专属经济区 The Continental Shelf and The Exclusive Economic Zone Section A. The Continental Shelf The concept of ‘continental shelf’ The concept of ‘continental shelf’ emerged in the practice of international relations at the outset of the twentieth century. This concept was used by coastal States as substantiation for their claims to the natural resources of underwater marine expanses for the purpose of their appropriation. The emergence of technical possibilities to explore and exploit natural resources of underwater marine expanses for the purpose of their appropriation. The concept of ‘continental shelf’ The emergence of technical possibilities to explore and exploit natural resources in the subsoil of the continental shelf facilitated this process. The tone was set by the United States on this issue, which published on 28 September 1945 the Proclamation of the President of the United States, Harry Truman, on the policy of the United States with respect to natural resources of the subsoil and surface of the continental shelf. The concept of ‘continental shelf’ Truman’s Proclamation The Government of the United States regards the natural resources of the subsoil and sea-bed of the continental shelf beneath the high seas but contiguous to the coasts of the United Stats as appertaining to the United States subject to its jurisdiction and control. The concept of ‘continental shelf’ The Natural Resources in the Continental Shelf: 1. Oil and gas reserves 2. Minerals, such lead, zinc, gold and silver, ect. 3. sedentary species The concept of ‘continental shelf’ After the Truman Proclamation there followed a series of similar unilateral claims of States not only to the natural marine resources of the continental shelf, but to the shelf itself and superjacent waters. In 1946 Argentina issued a decree on the continental shelf in which sovereignty was claimed to the continental shelf and superja